meningitis Flashcards
what are the meninges
outer membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
what bacteria for neonates
-listeria
-E.coli
-group B strep
LEG
what bacteria for infants and young children
H. influenza
what bacteria for ages 10-21
neisseria meningitidis
(at this age ur a Nuisance - Neisseria)
what bacteria for over 21
-strep. pneumo
-neisseria meningitidis
(at this age you want to Settle Now)
what bacteria for over 65s
-strep. pneumoniae
-listeria
(SLow)
what viruses cause viral meningitis
-enterovirus
-mumps
-HSV
-herpes zoster
-HIV
-measles
-influenza
-aboviruses
triad of symptoms for bacterial
-headache
-neck stiffness
-fever
photophobia and vomiting are often preset
which bacteria if someone has a non-blanching rash
meningococcal septicaemia
what would someone present with if they had viral encephalitis
-personality changes
-seizures
-speech disturbance
-focal neurological deficits
when should lumbar puncture be performed
an hour within arrival at the hospital
bacterial CSF results
-cloudy
-high protein
-low glucose
-high neutrophils
viral CSF results
-clear
-mildly raised or normal protein
-normal glucose
-high lymphocytes
-negative culture
treatment of meningitis for adults
ceftriaxone IV 2g bd + dexamethasone IV
when should you not give steroid
-post-surgical
-severe immunocompromised
-meningococcal or septic shock
-those hypersensitive to steroids
when would you add aciclovir
if encephalitis is suspected
who gets amoxicillin
-over 60yrs
-immunocompromised
-neonatal
-alcoholic
-DM
treatment for children under 3 months
cefotaxime + amoxicillin
+/- dexamethasone IV starting before or with first dose of antibiotic
treatment if penicillin allergic
chloramphenicol
treatment if penicillin allergic and was meant to be getting amoxicillin
co-trimoxazole
treatment in the community
single stat dose of penicillin IM/IV
complications of meningitis
-limb loss
-blindness
-deafness
-CP
-paralysis
-mental impairment
if someone has raised ICP due to meningitis, what are the signs of this
-increased blood pressure
-decreased heart rate
-irregular breathing
