meningitis

Question 1

what are the meninges

Answer 1

outer membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

what bacteria for neonates

Answer 2

-listeria
-E.coli
-group B strep

LEG

Question 3

what bacteria for infants and young children

Answer 3

H. influenza

Question 4

what bacteria for ages 10-21

Answer 4

neisseria meningitidis

(at this age ur a Nuisance - Neisseria)

Question 5

what bacteria for over 21

Answer 5

-strep. pneumo
-neisseria meningitidis

(at this age you want to Settle Now)

Question 6

what bacteria for over 65s

Answer 6

-strep. pneumoniae
-listeria

(SLow)

Question 7

what viruses cause viral meningitis

Answer 7

-enterovirus
-mumps
-HSV
-herpes zoster
-HIV
-measles
-influenza
-aboviruses

Question 8

triad of symptoms for bacterial

Answer 8

-headache
-neck stiffness
-fever

photophobia and vomiting are often preset

Question 9

which bacteria if someone has a non-blanching rash

Answer 9

meningococcal septicaemia

Question 10

what would someone present with if they had viral encephalitis

Answer 10

-personality changes
-seizures
-speech disturbance
-focal neurological deficits

Question 11

when should lumbar puncture be performed

Answer 11

an hour within arrival at the hospital

Question 12

bacterial CSF results

Answer 12

-cloudy
-high protein
-low glucose
-high neutrophils

Question 13

viral CSF results

Answer 13

-clear
-mildly raised or normal protein
-normal glucose
-high lymphocytes
-negative culture

Question 14

treatment of meningitis for adults

Answer 14

ceftriaxone IV 2g bd + dexamethasone IV

Question 15

when should you not give steroid

Answer 15

-post-surgical
-severe immunocompromised
-meningococcal or septic shock
-those hypersensitive to steroids

Question 16

when would you add aciclovir

Answer 16

if encephalitis is suspected

Question 17

who gets amoxicillin

Answer 17

-over 60yrs
-immunocompromised
-neonatal
-alcoholic
-DM

Question 18

treatment for children under 3 months

Answer 18

cefotaxime + amoxicillin
+/- dexamethasone IV starting before or with first dose of antibiotic

Question 19

treatment if penicillin allergic

Answer 19

chloramphenicol

Question 20

treatment if penicillin allergic and was meant to be getting amoxicillin

Answer 20

co-trimoxazole

Question 21

treatment in the community

Answer 21

single stat dose of penicillin IM/IV

Question 22

complications of meningitis

Answer 22

-limb loss
-blindness
-deafness
-CP
-paralysis
-mental impairment

Question 23

if someone has raised ICP due to meningitis, what are the signs of this

Answer 23

-increased blood pressure
-decreased heart rate
-irregular breathing