Mendell Flashcards
What is a true bred parent?
A an organism that has produced the same trait over many generations (ex: through self fertilizing)
Genotype vs phenotype?
Phenotype: physical appearance
Gneotype: genetic makeup
What is the resulting genotype and phenotype of heterogenous
Testcross meaning
Breeding the mystery individual to a homozygous recessive. If only some of the offspring displays recessive phenotype, the mystery parent must be heterozygous
Do the allelles for one character assort gametes dependently or independently for the allelles for a different character?
Independantly
What is a progeny?
Offspring or descendants
What would progeny be from a cross between a heterozygous inflated green pod plant (IiGg) and homozygous recessive constricted yellow pod plant (iigg)? (LC question)
What is a pedigree?
A chart that shows the inheritance of a trait (specifically a disease) over many generations
Does whether a trait is dominant or recessive relate to the frequency in the population?
No
What are genes? Give an example
Unit of heredity, made up of DNA (ex: flower color)
What are alleles?
Variants of genes, typically occur in pairs (ex: Aa)
What is a trait? Give an example
The different varients for a character, ex: purple or white
Who is Mendell?
A monk who discovered inheritance patterns
What did Mendell do?
Created a theory of inheritance, discovered completely dominant and recessive genes
What are genes? Give an example
Units of heredity, made up of DNA
What is a character? Give an example
A heritable feature that varies among individuals
What is the law of independent assortment
Each pair of alleles segregates independently
What is a monohybrid cross. Give an example
A monohybrid cross is any cross involving just one gene. For example, a monohybrid cross would use only one characteristic from Mendel’s pea plants (e.g. pea color) or look for a single inherited disease in humans (e.g. Huntington’s disease). Monohybrid crosses can be summarized as. Aa x aa.
What is a dihybrid cross. Give an example
Dihybrid cross is a cross between two individuals with two observed traits that are controlled by two distinct genes
How many alleles does each gamete have
1 allelle for a gene
What are levels of degrees of dominance?
When Elio’s aren’t always completely dominant over each other. Resulting indifferent phenotype from other alleles
What are the levels of degrees of dominance
Complete dominance incomplete dominance and codominance
Alleles for human blood are an example of what type of complex inheritance pattern?
Multiple alleles, when more than two alleles exist for one gene
What is pleitropy, give an example.
When one gene has multiple phenotypic effects, ex: one gene determines flower color and Seed color.
What is epistasis
Main types of genetically inherited disorders?
Dominantly inherited recessively inherited and multi- factorial inherited
What is albinism and what type of disorder is it
recessive genetic disorder that leads to a person having less recessive genetic disorder that leads to a person having less melanin in their body
What is cystic fibrosis
a recessively inherited disease
What is the dominantly genetic disorder
Disorders inherited one only one of the disorders inherited one only one of the alleles is present
What is Huntington’s disease
a degenerative disease of the nervous system with no obvious effects until 35 to 45 years old then it becomes fatal
What is dwarfism. What type of disorder is it?
Dominantly inherited
What is a multi-factorial disease and give an example.
Wanted to see he’s going to occur because of genetic and environmental influence such as health lifestyle, etc. for example cancer and Alzheimer’s.
What type of tests are done for identifying carriers of diseases. How do they work?
Polygenic meaning
Blood types is an example of what type of dominance?
Codominance
