mendelian genetics

Question 1

what is a gene?

Answer 1

piece of DNA which encodes for a protein

Question 2

what can cause a change in genetic information?

Answer 2

mutations

Question 3

name 3 different types of mutations?

Answer 3

point
abnormal chromosome number
delection, duplication and rearrangment of chromosomes

Question 4

what are alleles??

Answer 4

alternative forms of a gene

Question 5

what happens if there is a specific mutation in a gene?

Answer 5

no,less or altered protein

Question 6

what are Muller’s allele classifications? (4)

Answer 6

amorph / loss of function
hypomorph
hypermorph
neomorph

Question 7

what is a wild type allele?

Answer 7

most common strain found in wild or a lab

Question 8

what is the law of segregation according to mendel?

Answer 8

3:1

Question 9

what is a test cross?

Answer 9

backcross with recessive parent it reveals genotype of f1

Question 10

what is dihybrid?

Answer 10

individuals heterozygous for two characteristics being followed in a cross

Question 11

what is monohybrid?

Answer 11

individuals heterozygous fro one characteristic being followed in a cross

Question 12

what is pedigree analysis?

Answer 12

many human traits follow medelian inheritance patterns so pedigree allows us to deduce possible phenotypes

Question 13

what causes sickle cell anemia?

Answer 13

point mutation

Question 14

5 examples of non-mendelian inheritance?

Answer 14

1. more than 2 alleles
2. incomplete dominance
3. codominance
4. pleitropy
5. epistasis

Question 15

what is incomplete dominance?

Answer 15

how alleles interact i.e. snapdragons white and red = pink

Question 16

what is codiminance?

Answer 16

how alleles interacct i.e. f1 showing both phenotypes

Question 17

what is pleitropy?

Answer 17

when alleles act i.e. mutaions have more than 1 phenotypic effect

Question 18

what is epistatis?

Answer 18

how genes interact i.e. interaction of more than one gene masks phenotype effect of one of them