genome evolution

Question 1

what is polyploidy?

Answer 1

error in meiosis resulting in duplication of chromosomes sets, common in plants

Question 2

what are two ways that chromosomes sets are duplicated?

Answer 2

polyploidy and whole genome duplication

Question 3

name 5 chromosomal mutations?

Answer 3

aneuploidy; not the correct number of chromosomes
duplication; same genome copied
deletion; chromosomes lost
inversion; swap chromosomes
translocation; moving to new location

Question 4

what is a point mutation?

Answer 4

change in one chromosome

Question 5

three types of point mutations?

Answer 5

transitions ; purine to purine
transversion: purine to guanine
insertion and deletion

Question 6

3 effects of point mutations?

Answer 6

silent mutation; no amino change
missense mutation; amino acid chnage
nonsense mutation; stop codon insertion
frameshift mutation; shift entire code

Question 7

three things transposons do to genome?

Answer 7

disrupt protein code
change expression via placement in regulatory sequence
move genes, group genes or exons

Question 8

how do gene families emerge?

Answer 8

through duplicative divergence

Question 9

what are hox genes?

Answer 9

related to development, many control body part identity