memory pt 3

Question 1

what is semantic memory?

Answer 1

knowledge of general facts and information

Question 2

Quillians Model of semantic memory organization uses pointers, ______, and ______ and states that the time to search through your memory network to access information depends on the _____ of the path of travel (two pointers away takes longer to retrieve than one)

Answer 2

properties, units, length

Question 3

In the spreading activation network, concepts link by how they ____ to each other

Answer 3

link

Question 4

what is the difference between quillians model and the spreading activation network

Answer 4

there is no hierarchy in the spreading activation network and concepts link my their similarity to one another

Question 5

Lexical Decision task is an example of ____ _____ and which states one word will make you think of another semantically related word

Answer 5

semantic priming

Question 6

what develops first in children, implicit or explicit memories?

Answer 6

implicit

Question 7

language is critical for children to organize personal thoughts defines what hypothesis?

Answer 7

language hypothesis

Question 8

memories can’t be formed because hippocampus and prefrontal structures are not fully developed defines which concept

Answer 8

immature brain hypothesis

Question 9

what concept explains why we remember our high school years better than later parts of life and why is this?

Answer 9

reminiscence bump, because they were critical to our self-identity and development thus we remember these experiences better

Question 10

in older adults, implicit memory is ____, semantic memory is _____, and episodic memory is _____

Answer 10

intact, intact, impaired

Question 11

what is domain-general cognitive ageing theory

Answer 11

when older adults have deficits in general executive cognitive processes

Question 12

why do older adults suffer from domain general cognitive ageing theory

Answer 12

frontal lobe atrophy (shrinkage)

Question 13

what are symptoms of domain general cognitive ageing theory

Answer 13

older adults cannot inhibit irrelevant information and they have issues encoding and retrieving memories

Question 14

being able to recognize a face but not know from where explains what hypothesis and where in the brain is effected for this to happen

Answer 14

associative deficit hypothesis, hippocampus

Question 15

true or false: adults have trouble remembering single items because it does not require the hippocampus

Answer 15

true

Question 16

noetic memory is associated with ____ and autonoetic memory is associated with _____

Answer 16

familiarity, recollection

Question 17

what area of the brain is recruited by young adults and bad memory older adults? what area of the brain is recruited by good memory older adults? this suggest the idea of ____ ______

Answer 17

right prefrontal cortex, bilateral prefrontal cortex, neural compensation

Question 18

where in the brain does Alzheimer’s disease occur?

Answer 18

medial temporal lobe (hippocampus)

Question 19

early stages of alzheimer’s disease see _____ memory impaired but intact _____ memory, while late stages see a decline in all forms of memory, personality, emotions

Answer 19

episodic, semantic

Question 20

where does semantic dementia occur?

Answer 20

anterior temporal lobe

Question 21

true or false: an individual with semantic dementia can tell you how they made tea yesterday, but not how to make tea in general

Answer 21

true! indicating that episodic memory is spared in semantic dementia

Question 22

what is retrograde amensia?

Answer 22

an inability to recall memories before onset of amnesia

Question 23

what is anterograde amnesia ?

Answer 23

an inability to form new episodic memories since onset of amnesia (like the movie memento which i saw in mr. doyon’s class)

Question 24

korsakoffs syndrome is due to _____ & _____ amensia which leads to ______ & ______ changes due to damage in the _______ which is connected to the ______

Answer 24

retrograde, anterograde
personality, behavioural
hypothalamus, hippocampus

Question 25

korsakoffs syndrome leads people to experience confabulation: fabricating or misrepresenting memories. this is due to damage where?

Answer 25

prefrontal cortex

Question 26

retrograde amnesia for episodic events and sense of identity loss due to psychologically traumatic event describes what type of amnesia?

Answer 26

dissociative amnesia

Question 27

true or false: dissociative amnesia is due to brain injury in the prefrontal cortex

Answer 27

false!!! not from brain injury but there is reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex

Question 28

why do individuals with dissociative amnesia have problems with retrieval but not storage?

Answer 28

they do not want to retrieve memories likely because remembering traumatic event will cause stress

Question 29

what part of the brain is larger in london taxi drivers

Answer 29

posterior hippocampus grey matter

Question 30

what is the Rashomon effect?

Answer 30

no two people will remember the same event perfectly because we reconstruct them differently