memory pt 2

Question 1

riding a bike is an example of ____ memory

Answer 1

implicit

Question 2

name and describe the two forms of implicit memory

Answer 2

priming: prior exposure facilitates information processing without awareness

procedural memory: tacit knowledge of sequences and information for well established procedures (like riding a bike)

Question 3

where does procedural memory happen in the brain

Answer 3

Basal Ganglia for learning action sequences

Prefrontal cortex for organization

Question 4

True or False: removing a reward breaks a habit

Answer 4

False. you must target the correct brain area of the habit to get rid of it

Question 5

episodic memory is remembering what?

Answer 5

specific events and episodes

Question 6

episodic memory is associated with ____ consciousness. implicit memory is associated with ____ consciousness. semantic memory is associated with _____ consciousness

Answer 6

autonoetic, anoetic, noetic

Question 7

a memory trace (physical representation of an experience) is the domain of ____ ____while a memory schema (generalization fo events) is the domain of ____ _____

Answer 7

episodic memory, semantic memory

Question 8

what is reappearance theory? and it is observed in patients with what?

Answer 8

a memory trace is recalled the same way at each retrieval. patients with PTSD

Question 9

what is a flashbulb memory?

Answer 9

vivid memories that are emotionally arousing or shocking and cause us to remember the specific time, place, etc we were when they happened

Question 10

true or false: though extremely emotionally arousing, flashbulb memories are prone to reconstruction?

Answer 10

True !

Question 11

what is Now Print Theory and is it valid?

Answer 11

significant experiences that are immediately photocopied and preserved in long term memory. there is not much research to back up this theory

Question 12

True or false: reconstructing a memory changes the memory trace

Answer 12

true

Question 13

What were the findings of the War of Ghosts experiment

Answer 13

participants recitations aligned with their schemas and conventional beliefs. there were omissions due to unfamiliarity (because of schemas)

Question 14

constructed memories lead to false memories because…

Answer 14

1. familiar feelings can lead to incorrect associations (misinformation effect)
2. details can be added to a memory during retrieval (misattribution effect)

Question 15

retrieving familiar information from the wrong source is an example of what effect?

Answer 15

misattribution effect

Question 16

what two effects explain why constructed memories lead to false memories?

Answer 16

misattribution and misinformation effect

Question 17

adding details to a memory at recall explains which effect?

Answer 17

misinformation effect

Question 18

how a question is framed can distort how information is remembered. this is an example of what and what can it lead to?

Answer 18

misinformation effect and it can lead to implanted memories

Question 19

retrieving a memory trace makes it active, de-stable, and subject to change and during this time, cortical connections can be strengthened, weakened or modified. through _____, these changes are updated in long term memory

Answer 19

reconsolidation

Question 20

true or false: if episodic memory abilities are impaired, your ability to imagine the future, creativity, planning is NOT impaired

Answer 20

false !

Question 21

are memories typically reconstructed or reproduced?

Answer 21

reconstructed