memory pt 1

Question 1

where does memory encoding happen in the brain

Answer 1

hippocampus

Question 2

name and explain the different forms of sensory memory

Answer 2

echoic: sound-bytes that last a few seconds
haptic: very brief memory of touch
iconic: visual memory held very briefly

Question 3

describe positive and negative afterimage

Answer 3

positive is when there is a visual memory that is the exact same as the original while a negative afterimage is a visual memory that appears in inverted colours from the og image

Question 4

what area of the brain is responsible for short term memory

Answer 4

prefrontal cortex

Question 5

primacy effect allows memories to move where with rehearsal?

Answer 5

long term memory

Question 6

why has the recency effect shown to be effective and when does it start to be ineffective?

Answer 6

memories are available in short term memory and if the study is >30s

Question 7

Chunking effect involves _____ ____ ____ and must be ___ and is easier do with more ______ of a subject

Answer 7

grouping items together, meaningful, knowledge

Question 8

forgetting resembles what type of function on a graph?

Answer 8

exponential (you forget more information at first and slowly forget less as you study more)

Question 9

Ex: you live in a new house and cannot remember your old address (you conflate it with the new address)

Ex: you live in a new house and cannot remember your new address (you conflate it with the old address)

these are examples of what respectively?

Answer 9

retroactive interference and proactive interference

Question 10

memory fades because of time describes which theory?

Answer 10

decay theory

Question 11

what is shallow learning and describe its three aspects

Answer 11

focusing on physical parts of information and includes: structure level (physical presentation of a word), phoneme level (sound of what is being said), grapheme level (letters, syllables of a word)

Question 12

memory is better if you relate it to yourself describes what theory?

Answer 12

self-reference theory

Question 13

Generation effect is memory is retained better if you ___ it such as doing a _____ __ __ ______

Answer 13

generate, fill in the blank

Question 14

studying in the same environment (encoding) that you will be taking a test in (retrieving) is practicing which hypothesis?

Answer 14

Encoding Specificity Hypothesis

Question 15

ROY G. BIV, creating a story out of a list of words, and associating information with a location

these are examples of which type of mnemonic respectively?

Answer 15

Naming mnemonic, story mnemonic, Method of Loci (Memory palace)

Question 16

the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer all serve what function for working memory?

Answer 16

verbal store, non-verbal store, integrates verbal and visual information from STM

Question 17

what are the names and functions of the aspects of phonological loop

Answer 17

phonological store: passive store for verbal info (inner ear) (retaining song lyrics)

articulatory control loop: mentally saying something to yourself (inner voice) (reading a book)

Question 18

what are the names and functions of the aspects of visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 18

visual cache: passively holds information about visual features and identity

inner scribe: actively holds information about movement, spacial location, and sequences

Question 19

what are the two methods for improving short term memory

Answer 19

chunking and mnemonics

Question 20

sensory memory has a large ___ for information and only lasts about ___ seconds

Answer 20

capacity, 1

Question 21

how long does short term memory last?

Answer 21

20-30 seconds then decay or transferred to long term memory

Question 22

having breaks between study sessions and not studying everything at once adheres to which effect?

Answer 22

spacing effect