Memory 2 Flashcards
Sensory memory 3 distinctions
- Iconic: related to vision
- Echoic: related to audio
- Haptic: related to touch
Partial report paradigm
Participants have to read one of the three lines of letters based on auditory cue.
Results indicate that iconic memory lasts 250ms
Echoic memory
Lasts up to 4 seconds
Short term store
Depends on attention.
Limited capacity (7 +- 2)
Serial processing
Brown-Peterson task
Three words or letters are presented, followed by a variable number of seconds of some demanding arithmetic task, followed by testing.
The longer the retention interval the lower percentage correct.
Proactive interference
Caused by everything you have learned in the past
Retroactive interference
Caused by everything you learn in the future
Baddeley & Warrington study results
Serial reproduction task.
Amnesia patients reproduce fewer items but have normal recency effect. Indicating they are only affected in LTM
Episodic buffer
Integrates the available information into a single episodic memory trace.
Acts as a sort of binding function between visual spatial and verbal information.
Phonological effects in short term memory
Study where list of words had to be remembered.
mad, man, cap etc. was most difficult to remember, compared to lists like: old, late, thin or pen, day, sup. Presumably due the similarities in the words of the first list.
Phonological loop store time
Holds about 2s worth of speech
Phonological loop relation with reading speed
The more syllables a number has, the smaller the digit span.
Baddeley model pro’s and cons
Pro’s:
- Explains many effects
- Easy to understand
- Helpful in neuropsychology
Cons:
- Doesn’t explain everything
- Model remains vague on some components
Atkinson Shiffrin model pro’s and cons
Pro’s:
- Good basic model
- Mathematically precise
Cons:
- Sequential stream STS-LTS is not always necessary
- Strong focus on rehearsal
- Ignores phonological effects so it is incomplete
Disorders where WM is affected
Dyslexia
ADHD
Addiction
Depression
