Emotion 4 Flashcards
Interoceptive theories
Neo-Jamesian tradition: body representations are key for feelings
Damasio: role of emotions is impaired decision-making in patients with brain damage. Bodily feelings critical for decision-making.
Craig: discovery of the lamina 1 interoceptive system, also said insula is key for interoception
The Gage matrix
To know but not to feel.
OFC patients show normal SCR to loud noise or bright light but not to gruesome images or emotional memories.
Alterations in emotional activity leading to great difficulties in making advantageous decisions in social and personal life despite intact cognitive functioning.
Primary and secondary emotions
Primary: innate or simple learned responses, mediated by amydala. Intact in Elliot (SCR to loud noises), but impaired in S.M. (bilateral amydala damage).
Secondary: acquired through learning about emotional consequences of our behaviour, mediated by the OFC. Impaired in Elliot (no SCR to emotional memories).
Anosognosia
Damage to right somatosensory cortex.
Left side paralysis but denial of disease.
Altered emotions and decision making in anosognosia. Seem completely unconcerned about their physical condition and loss of emotion leads to poor life choices.
Not the case with left hemispheric lesions.
Iowa gambling task
Good decks and bad decks. Good decks pay out less initially but bad decks result in massive losses eventually.
Patients with OFC damage continually take from bad decks.
SCR response is same for control and patients when turning over a card. However SCR different in anticipatory phase.
Even with explicit knowledge OFC patients take from bad deck. Anticipatory SCR reflects a gut feeling that can’t be compensated for with knowledge.
Lamina 1 spinothalamic tract (Craig)
Thought to only carry pain response and temperature changes.
However there was ongoing activity in the absence of noxious stimuli but related to signals providing information of homeostatic state of body tissues.
Insula role in Craig’s interoceptive system
Posterior insula: projections of the Lamina 1 system to somatotopic maps for pain, temperature, itch, and affective touch
Anterior insula: Re-representations give rise to subjective feelings
Cortical pain matrix
Affective components: dACC and Anterior insula
Sensory components: Somatosensory cortex and Posterior insula
Empathy for pain
Empathy for pain activates the affective pain matrix.
Overlapping affective pain matrix areas for felt pain and empathy for pain: ACC and Anterior insula
LeDoux Higher order theory
Expressions are not expressions of an emotion state, instead they are conscious feelings restricted to humans that rely on elaborate cortical processing.
Emotion states as portable functional models
Learning is necessary for emotions, like how we learn what is disgusting to put in our mouth and what isn’t.
Flexible central emotion state of disguts that is portable across a range of situations.
Generalization functional property of emotion states
Many different stimuli can cause the same type of emotion state. And an emotion state orchestrates many different behaviours.
Functional properties of an emotion state
- Scalability: scale in intensity, mouse freezin when far away from nest but fleeing when close to nest
- Valence
- Persistence
- Generalization/integration: dependent on learing and context
- Automaticity/Priority: requires effort to regulate
- Social communication
