Language 1

Question 1

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 1

• Problems producing language: Language is telegram style, low on grammar, function words, still meaningful
• Language comprehension is spared
• IFG

Question 2

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 2

• Language production is fluent and copious
• Produced language is often meaningless
• Language comprehension is also affected
• Posterior superior temporal gyrus

Question 3

Propositions

Answer 3

Meaningful grammatical units within a sentence

Question 4

Morpheme

Answer 4

Smallest meaningful units of language that cannot be further divided or analyzed.
Controllable has 2 morphemes: control and -able

Question 5

Phoneme

Answer 5

Perceptually distinct units of sound of a specified language.
Like the sound the letters p, d, or t make.

Question 6

How to describe the different consonants

Answer 6

• Place of articulation
• Manner of articulation
• Voicing

Question 7

Voicing

Answer 7

Voiced vs voiceless
Are the vocal chords activated or not

Question 8

Coarticulation

Answer 8

The acoustic realization of phonemes is influenced by the surrounding phonemes

Question 9

Voice Onset Time

Answer 9

The duration of the period of time between the release of a plosive and the beginning of vocal fold vibration.
d has a short VOT and t has a long VOT

Question 10

Perception of consonants

Answer 10

The change in consonants can be gradual but the brain patterns shift abruptly to a new consonant.

Question 11

Where speech tones are processed

Answer 11

• Lateral STG
• Middle STS

Question 12

Neighbourhood density (phonological complexity)

Answer 12

How many words can be derived from another word if one phoneme is changed.
High density words activate STS more

Question 13

Phoneme perception brain area

Answer 13

STG and STS

Question 14

Dual stream model Ventral stream (What)

Answer 14

• Lexical access: access the meaning of a word
• Combinatorial network: combine words to a sentence/message
• Activation for words > nonwords in MTG

Question 15

Dual stream model Dorsal stream (How)

Answer 15

• How would I produce what I am currently hearing
• Simulation

Question 16

Region in Planum Temporale

Answer 16

• Involved in sensorimotor regulation of the vocal tract
• Involved in speech perception

Question 17

Conduction aphasia

Answer 17

• Specific problems repeating what you hear
• Comprehension and production are spared

Question 18

Chinchilla experiment finding

Answer 18

• Chinchilla don’t have language production system
• Chinchilla’s can perceive phoneme boundaries
• It is not necessary to have a language production system to perceive language.

Question 19

Mirror neuron theory about speech perception

Answer 19

Broca’s area is active during speech production and speech perception.
Perception is passive production