Melanoma and nevi Flashcards

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1
Q

Risk factors for melanoma development ?

A
  • Phenotypes 1 and 2.
  • over 100 nevi.
  • Clinically atypical nevi.
  • Immunosuppression.
  • History of melanoma.
  • History of intense exposure to UV radiation.
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2
Q

To grade melanoma “thickness” in histopathology we can use ?

A
  • Breslow scale.

* survival decreases, with increasing Breslow’s depth.

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3
Q

” Cafe-au-lait spot “ is characterised for ?

A

Nevus spilus.

  • its a congenital lesion.
  • very low risk of melanoma.
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4
Q

What is the clue to amelanotic melanoma?

A

usually recent change or growth (E=Evolving)

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5
Q

Nevus coeruleus is?

A

Blue or blue-gray or blue-black.

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6
Q

The most important somatic mutations (esp. important for the treatment) ?

A
  • BRAF.
  • c-KIT
  • also there is NRAS and MEK but not important for the ttt.
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7
Q

ABCDE rule in clinical assessment of nevus has low sensitivity for diagnosis of ?

A
  • Nodular melanoma.
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8
Q

Amelanotic melanoma is ? and How does it look like under dermscopy?

A
  • contains no melanin.
  • pink lesion.
  • late diagnosis.
  • dermscopy: Neumerous irregular vessels.
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9
Q

Types of melanoma with horizontal growth ?

A
  • Superficial spreading melanoma.

- Lentigo maligna melanoma.

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10
Q

most common nevi in newborn is?

A

Vascular

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11
Q

Sutton nevus is?

A
  • Melanocytes in and around the nevus are destroyed by lymphocytes.
  • Surrounded by a depigmented ring.
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12
Q

What is the single most important prognostic factor for survival and clinical management?

A

Thickness or depth of tumor invasion.

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13
Q

TTT for metastatic melanoma or advanced unresectable melanoma ?

A
  • Ipilimumab and Vemurafenib.
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14
Q

types of acquired pigmented nevi ?

A
  • Sutton nevus. (depigmented ring)
  • Atypical.
  • Spitz nevus.
  • Nevus coeruleus.
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15
Q

Spitz nevus color ?

A
  • Red-brown or grey-blue nodules.
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16
Q

Melanocytes are located between ?

A

basal cells

17
Q

Which is the most common type of melanoma ?

A

Superficial spreading melanoma

18
Q

When a clinical and dermoscopic evaluation fails to clearly differentiate between atypical nevus and melanoma, what should we do ?

A

Excisional biopsy with 1-3mm margin.

19
Q

Types of melanoma with vertical growth ?

A
  • Nodular melanoma.
20
Q

ABCD(E) clinical criteria for melanoma ?

A
A: Asymmetry.
B: Border.
C: Color.
D: diameter.
E: evolving.