Meiosis vs Mitosis

Question 1

Do homologous chromones pair during prophase of mitosis?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

What happens during prophase I in meiosis that is different from prophase in mitosis?

Answer 2

homologous chromosomes pair up and have crossing over (genetic diversity)

Question 3

How is metaphase I during meiosis different from metaphase in mitosis?

Answer 3

homologous pairs line together at equator with independent alignment
- allows for different arrangements of chromosomes (genetic diversity)

Question 4

What happens during anaphase I that is different from anaphase in mitosis?

Answer 4

homologous pairs are separated in anaphase I
- no separation of centromeres
- mitosis: centromeres split allowing one sister chromatid to separate from its genetically identical sister chromatid

Question 5

Compare the amount and arrangement of genetic material in each cell following telophase I of meiosis and telophase of mitosis?

Answer 5

meiosis: n = 23 (duplicated) in each daughter cell in telophase I
mitosis: n = 46 (not duplicated) in each daughter cell in telophase

Question 6

What is the difference between prophase I and prophase II of meiosis?

Answer 6

n = 46, homologous chromosomes pair in prophase I
n = 23, no pairing as no homologous chromosomes in prophase II

Question 7

What is the difference between metaphase I and metaphase II or meiosis?

Answer 7

n = 46, 23 duplicated pairs line up side by side at equator in metaphase I
n = 23, duplicated chromosomes line up at equator, not side by side

Question 8

How is anaphase II of meiosis similar to anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 8

centromeres split to get separation of sister chromatids

Question 9

How many cells formed during meiosis?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

How many cells formed during mitosis?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

Describe the ending cells of meiosis and mitosis, haploid or diploid.

Answer 11

meiosis: 4 cells, haploid, genetically different
mitosis: 2 cells, diploid, exact copies

Question 12

Meiosis only occurs in the gonadal tissues in the human body. Where is the gonadal tissue in the human male and female and what are the gamete cells called for each gender?

Answer 12

• Males: testes contain seminiferous tubules where germ cell undergoes meiosis to become 4 separate and genetically unique sperm (spermatogonium)
• female: ovaries contain follicles where germ cell undergoes meiosis to become 3 polar bodies and 1 egg cell (secondary oocyte)

Question 13

How is spermatogenesis different from oogenesis?

Answer 13

spermatogenesis: 4 cells, haploid, 400 million produced/day
oogenesis: 1 cell, 2-3 polar bodies, one egg ovulated each month, 400 viable eggs per female

Question 14

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

Answer 14

haploid

Question 15

Name 4 differences between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 15

1) 4 daughter cells vs 2 daughter cells
2) haploid vs diploid
3) 2 cellular divisions vs 1 cellular division
4) genetically different daughter cells vs same cell with identical DNA
5) crossing over vs no crossing over
6) independent alignment vs no independent alignment
7) occurs in sex organs vs occurs in all body organs