Chapter 5 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is metabolism?
combined catabolic and anabolic reactions in a body
What is catabolism?
breaking down molecules and releasing energy
What is anabolism?
synthesizing molecules and NEEDS energy
Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?
anaerobic
What is glycolysis?
pathway where glucose is converted into 2 pyruvates
What is the net equation for glycolysis?
glucose + 2 NAD + 2 ADP + 2Pi -> 2 pyruvates + 2 NADH + 2 ATP
Is glycolysis exergonic or endergonic?
exergonic
- produces energy
Why does the reaction begin with glucose turning into G6P?
phosphorylation traps glucose inside cell
What is the ATP exchange in glycolysis?
uses 2 ATP to make 4 ATP
Why do we need to make lactic acid?
to avoid end-product inhibition
- NADHs produced in glycolysis needs to give hydrogens away
How does lactic acid pathway work?
without oxygen, NADH gives hydrogens to pyruvate to make lactic acid
What is the net gain in the lactic acid pathway?
2 ATPs per glucose
What blood cell only uses lactic acid pathway? Why?
red blood cells
- no mitochondria
Where does the lactic acid pathway occur?
skeletal and heart muscle when oxygen supply falls below critical level
How is glucose stored?
as glycogen (long glucose chains)
What is glycogenolysis?
clips glucose out of glycogen as G6P
What is the only organ that can remove phosphate groups?
liver has glucose-6-phosphatase and can secrete glucose
What is the cori cycle?
lactic acid -> pyruvate -> glucose and glycogen
- gluconeogenesis (reverse glycolysis)
How does aerobic respiration start?
pyruvate enters mitochondria
- CO2 clipped off pyruvate to form acetyl CoA
How does Krebs Cycle start?
acetyle CoA combines with oxaloacetate to make citrate
What does the Krebs Cycle produce?
1 GTP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2
How does FADH2 and NADH get converted to energy (ATP)?
by carrying electrons to the electron transport chain
What proteins are involved in the ETC?
FMN, coenzyme Q and cytochromes
Where does ETC occur?
cristae of mitochondria
