Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology topic 2 (cells and viruses) > meiosis > Flashcards

meiosis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

diploid cell

A

cell that has two full sets of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

haploid nuclei

A

nuclei with one set of chromosomes within special gamete cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

zygote

A

when two haploid nuclei fuse together to form new diploid cell called zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

polyploidy

A

having more than two sets of chromosomes per nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where are gametes formed

A

in special sex organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gonads

A

sex organs in animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

anthers

A

male sex organs in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

female sex organs in plants

A

ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where are the male gametes formed in

A

the pollen made in anthers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are female gametes made in plants

A

ovules contained in ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

male sex organs in animals

A

testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what gametes do testes produce

A

spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

female gonads

A

ovaries that produce female gametes ova or eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

male gametes description

A

many
mini
motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

female gamete description

A

few
fat
fixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does meiosis form in male flowering cells

A

microspores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does meiosis form in female flowering cells

A

megaspores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does meiosis give rise to

A

four haploid daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

homologous pairs

A

two chromosomes of each pair stay close together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

crossing over

A

where chromatids break and recombine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

prophase 1

A

each chromosomes condensed with 2 chromatids
-homologous pairs with each other
-crossing over occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

metaphase 1

A

spindle forms
-pairs of chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

23
Q

anaphase 1

A

centromeres dont divide
-one chromosome from homologous pair moves to each end of cell
-chromosomes number in each cell half

24
Q

telophase 1

A

nuclear membrane divides
-cells begin to divide
-continues to full cytokenesis
-during this interphase no further replication of dna

25
Q

prophase 2

A

new spindles formed

26
Q

metaphase 2

A

chromosomes made up of pair of chromatids
-line up on metaphase plate

27
Q

anaphase 2

A

centromeres divide
-chromatids move to opposite ends of cell

28
Q

telophase 2

A

nuclear envelope reforms
-chromosomes return to interphase
-cytokenesis occurs
-gives four daughter cells
-each has half number of chromosomes of original diploid cell

29
Q

2 ways variation occurs in meiosis

A

independent assortment
crossing over

30
Q

whats independent assortment

A

chromosomes that came from organisms 2 parents distributed into gametes and into offspring at random

31
Q

whats crossing over

A

when large multi enzyme complexes cut and join bits of maternal and paternal chromatids together

32
Q

chiasmata

A

points where chromatids break

33
Q

importance of crossing over

A

-added genetic variation
errors lead to mutations to have more genetic variation

34
Q

chromosome mutations

A

parts of chromosomes break off and become reattached in wrong place

35
Q

translocation

A

when a piece from one pair of homlogous chromosomes breaks off and reattaches to different pair of chromosomes

36
Q

unbalanced translocations

A

when one chromosome gains an extra one and can change phenotype of organism

37
Q

effect of translocation mutations

A

lead to core binding factor acute myeloid leukaemia

38
Q

non disjunction mutations

A

members of one homologous chromosomes fails to seperate during anaphase 2 one of gametes had two copies of chromosome and other has none

39
Q

effects of non disjunction mutations

A

monosomy
polysomy

40
Q

monosmy

A

only one member of homologous pair present in normal gamete

41
Q

polysomy

A

three or more rather than 2 of chromosome pair

42
Q

aneuploidy

A

when cell lacks whole chromosome or has more than two chromosomes

43
Q

whats down syndrome an example of

A

non disjunction
polysomy

44
Q

babies with down syndrome have what

A

trisomy of chromosome 21

45
Q

what happens if there is non disjunction of chromosome 21 in ovum or sperm

A

one of gametes will have two copies of chromosome

46
Q

problems of down syndrome

A

heat disorders
lack of muscle tone
visual problems

47
Q

mutagens

A

ionising radiation- increases mutation rate
-chemicals
age
ova vulnerable

48
Q

whats turners syndrome an example of

A

non disjunction
monosomy

49
Q

what happens if theres non disjunction of sperm cells

A

ova fertilised with no sex cells from sperm
embryo monosomy only x chromosome

50
Q

genotype of egg cell with monosomy

A

XO that results in turners syndrome

51
Q

effect female of turners syndrome

A

is female but doesnt go through puberty without being given extra sex hormones

52
Q

kleinfelters syndrome

A

when male chromosome has XY and results in cell with XXY genotype

53
Q

effect of kleinfelters syndrome

A

develop breast tissue
little facial hair
may be infertile
less muscle development

54
Q
A

biology topic 2 (cells and viruses) (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions