eukaryote- plants

Question 1

why are plant cells more uniform

Answer 1

because of cell wall

Question 2

features that plant and animal cells have

Answer 2

rough and smooth ER
cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondria
GA

Question 3

structure of cell wall

Answer 3

made of insoluble cellulose
strength and support

Question 4

middle lamella

Answer 4

first layer if plant cell wall to form when plant cell divides into two

Question 5

whats the middle lamella mainly made of

Answer 5

pectin

Question 6

whats pectin

Answer 6

polysaccharide that acts as glue and holds cell wall and neighour plant cell together
-carboxyl groups which are negative
combine to form positive calcium ions to make calcium pectate

Question 7

function of calcium pectate

Answer 7

binds to cellulose that forms on either side

Question 8

what builds on either side of middle lamella

Answer 8

cellulose microfibrils and matrix

Question 9

primary cell walls

Answer 9

flexible walls made when cellulose microfibrils and matrix bind with middle lamella

Question 10

secondary cell walls

Answer 10

cellulose microfibrils laid densly at different angles
-makes composite material more rigid

Question 11

what hardens secondary wall further

Answer 11

hemicelluloses

Question 12

plant fibres

Answer 12

long cells with cellulose cell walls that have been heavily lignified

Question 13

plasmodesmata

Answer 13

cytoplasmic bridges between cells where intracellular talk goes on

Question 14

how do plasmodesmata form

Answer 14

when cells are about to divide
-thread of cytoplasm remains
-threads pass through gaps in newly formed cell walls

Question 15

symplast

Answer 15

interconnected cytoplasm of cells

Question 16

vacoule

Answer 16

any fluid filled space inside cytoplasm surrounded by membrane

Question 17

tonoplast

Answer 17

vacuole surrounded by special membrane called tonoplast

Question 18

function of tonoplast

Answer 18

has different protein channels and carrier systems
-controls movement of substances into and out of vacuole so also water potential of cell

Question 19

other functions of vacuoles

Answer 19

stores pigment
-store proteins
-store waste products and other chemicals

Question 20

similarities of chloroplast and mitochondria

Answer 20

-large organelles
own DNA
outer membrane
-folded inner membrane
-symbiotic

Question 21

differences of chloroplast and mitochondria

Answer 21

-chloroplast PH
-chlorophyll
formed from unspecialised part of cell called leucoplast

Question 22

what organelles are formed from leucoplasts

Answer 22

amyoplasts and chloroplasts

Question 23

what makes amyoplasts

Answer 23

leucoplasts

Question 24

function of amyoplasts

Answer 24

colourless and store starch
-converted to glucose and provide energy