Medulla Oblongata

Question 1

2 Brainstem Structures w/ Corticospinal Fibers

Answer 1

Cerebral peduncle and pyramid

Question 2

2 Structures Bordering Cerebral Aqueduct

Answer 2

Tectum and tegmentum of midbrain above and below, respectively (w/ latter having CN III coming out)

Question 3

1.2 Contents of Tectum of Midbrain

Answer 3

Corpora quadrigemina w/ superior colliculi for vision and inferior colliculi for auditory

Question 4

2 Structures that Connect Brainstem to Cerebellum

Answer 4

Superior and middle cerebellar peduncles

Question 5

Only CN That arises from dorsal side of brain stem

Answer 5

IV

Question 6

11 Structures Through Caudal Medulla

Answer 6

Corticospinal tract/pyramid (cross over and become contralateral)
Spinothalamic Tract (unchanged)
Spinocerebellar tracts (unchanged)
Spinal tract of V (trigeminal)
Fasciculi cuneatus and gracilis, and their nuclei
Medial lemniscus
Nucleus of spinal tract of V
Trigeminothalamic tract

Question 7

Medial Lemniscus

Answer 7

After cuneatus and gracilis synapse at their nuclei, the 2nd order neurons desuccate and continue up contralaterally

Question 8

Trigeminal Path Through Medulla

Answer 8

Brings in sensory information from whole head and neck ipsilaterally, so also IX, X, V, brings in Spinal Tract of V, synapses in nucleus of spinal tract of V, and then desuccates to trigeminothalamic tract just lateral to medial lemniscus and continues up contralaterally

Question 9

Main Desuccation Point

Answer 9

Caudal Medulla

Question 10

Distinct Landmark of Rostral Medulla

Answer 10

Inferior Olive

Question 11

6 Nuclei in Rostral Medulla

Answer 11

Nucleus ambiguous
Spinal nucleus of V
Nucleus solitarius
Vestibular nuclei
Dorsal motor nucleus of X
Hypoglossal nucleus

Question 12

8 Tracts in Rostral Medulla

Answer 12

Corticospinal tract (pyramid) (contra now)
Medial lemniscus
Rubrospinal Tract
Trigeminothalamic tract
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
Nucleus fasciculus
Hypoglossal n. (XII)

Question 13

Nucleus Ambiguous

Answer 13

Controls motor fibers for pharynx, larynx, and palate so CN IX and X have motor cell bodies there

Question 14

Nucleus Solitarius

Answer 14

Sensory taste, so cell bodies for VII, IX, and X

Question 15

Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLFs)

Answer 15

Integrate 3 eye muscle nuclei w/ muscles in neck so everything aligns

Question 16

3 Actions of Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Answer 16

Sensory from ipsilateral pharynx and taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
Innervates ipsilateral stylopharyngeus muscle
Innervates parotid gland

Question 17

2 Exits of IX and X

Answer 17

Medulla from postolivary sulcus, skull via jugular foramen

Question 18

Lesion of IX (2)

Answer 18

Loss of gag reflex, parotid secretion

Question 19

4 Nuclei for IX

Answer 19

Inferior salivatory nucleus (in same plane as dorsal motor nucleus of X) for parasymp motor to parotid
Spinal nucleus of V - sensation from pharynx
Nucleus solitarius - taste
Nucleus ambiguous - motor to stylopharyngeus

Question 20

4 Nuclei for Vagus

Answer 20

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus for parasymp motor to lung and GI
Spinal nucleus of V for sensation from larynx
Nucleus solitarius for sensory from cardiac/resp/GI
Nucleus ambiguous for motor to pharyngeal/laryngeal/cardiac muscle

Question 21

Hypoglossal n. 2 Exits

Answer 21

Medulla in preolivary sulcus and skull through hypoglossal canal

Question 22

Raphe Nuclei

Answer 22

Diffuse area in centerish w/ large serotonergic cell bodies to recognize pain and wakefulness and shit