MedTerm) Skeletal Flashcards
ADIP/O-
fat adip/oma fat/tumor (adip/oma is also known as lip/oma)
related term(s): steato-, lipo-
AMBUL/O-
to walk ambul/atory to walk or walking/process of
ANKYL/O-
fuse or bind ankylo/spondyl/itis fuse or bind, stiff, crooked/spine/inflammation
ARACHINO-
spider arach/oid spider/resembles
related term(s): ARACHN/O-
ARTHR/O-
joint arthro/scop/ic joint/viewing or examining/pertains to
ARTICUL/O-
jointed articula/tion jointed/process of
(The place of union between two or more bones.)
-ASTHENIA
weakness my/asthenia muscle/without strength; or having weakness neur/asthenia nerve/weakness
AVULS/I-
to tear avuls/ion to tear/process of
(ligaments torn from bones) related term(s): spadi-
BRACH/I-
arm brachi/al arm/refers to
(humerus is the bone of upper arm)
BRACHY-
short brachy/dactyl/ia short/fingers (and toes)/refers to
BURS/O-
sac, wine sac, pouch burs/a sac, wine sac, pouch/refers to
(protective pad-like structure in joints)
CALCIN/O-
calcium calcin/osis calcium/condition of
(excessive calcium buildup on bones)
CALX-
heel or lime calx/ectom/y heel (foot bone)/removal/procedure of
CAPUT:
head caput femoris head or head of (chief part of structure or organ)/thigh bone
related term(s): CEPHAL/O-, CAPIT/O-
CARCIN/O-
crab-like carcino/gen/ic crab-like/producing/refer to
(cancer-causing)
CARP/O-
wrist meta/carp/al beyond/wrist/refers to
CELI/O-
abdomen or belly celi/oma abdomen or belly/tumor
CERV/I-
neck cerv/ical neck (seven upper vertebrae of spine)/refers to cerv/ix neck/pertains to
CHONDR/O-
cartilage chondr/oma cartilage/tumor dys/chondro/plas/ia faulty/cartilage/formation or development/refers to
CLAVICUL/O-
collarbone infra/clavicul/ar beneath/collarbone or clavicle (little key shape)/refer to
CLEIDO-
clavicle or collarbone sterno/cleido/mast/oid sternum/clavicle, collarbone/breast/resemble
CLINO-
bent clino/dactylia bent/finger or toe
COCCYG/O-
tailbone coccyg/eal tailbone/refers to or small
CONDYLO-
knuckle condyl/oma knuckle (nob)/tumor or swellings (bone and wart points or projection)
CRANI/O-
skull crani/otom/y skull (cranium)/cut into/procedure of crani/al skull/refer to
CRUC/I-
cross or cross-like cruci/ate cross (shape)/state of or condition of
(crossing ligaments in knee: ACL and PCL)
CUB/O-
cube or cube-shaped cub/oid cube or cube-shaped/resemble
(an ankle bone shaped like a cube)
CUBIT/O-
elbow cubit/al elbow, forearm region/refer to elbow region
DACTYLO-
digits (fingers and toes) lipo/dactyl/ia fat/digits (finger or toes)/refers to
DELTA:
fan-shaped or triangular delt/oid (shoulder muscle) fan-shaped or triangular/resembles
DIGIT-
finger or toe Digit/al finger or toe/refer to digit/ate finger or toe/action of or refers to
FACET/O-
face facet little face (upper and lower small articular faces of vertebral plates)
related term(s): FACI/O-
FASC/I-
band fasc/ia band (covering around and between muscles ‘membranous’)/refers to
FEMOR/O-
thigh femor/al thigh/refer to
FIBRILL/O-
to quiver fibrill/ation to quiver (muscle fiber contraction)/process of
FIBRO-
fiber fibr/oma fiber (thread-like structures)/tumor
FIBUL/O-
to clasp fibul/a to clasp/refers to
(noun) (smaller outer long bone of lower leg)
FIL-
thread fila/ment thread/state of or refers to
related term(s): FILI-
FORE-
before fore/arm before/brachium or arm (between elbow and wrist)
FRACT/O-
to break fract/ure to break/refers to
GENU-
knee genu/clast knee/breaking (instrument to break knee joint adhesions)
HALLUX:
great or big toe hallux/ectomy great or big toe/removal
HUMER/O-
arm (upper) humer/al arm (upper)/refers to
-ICLE
small or tiny oss/icle bone/small or tiny
related term(s): -CULE, -IOLE, -ULA, - ULE
INFRA-
under or below infra/clavicul/ar under or below/collar bone/refers to
related term(s): hyp/o-, sub-
ISCHI/O-
hip joint or hip Ischio/dynia hip joint or hip/pain
KINE-
movement or motion kine/tic movement/state of or condition of
alternate spelling: KINESI/O
KYPH/O-
hunchback kyph/osis hunchback/condition
LAMIN/O-
thin, flat plate or thin layer lamin/ectomy thin, flat plate or thin layer/removal
lamin/ent thin, flat plate or thin layer/having or possessing (bridge part of vertebrae arch)
LEI/O-
smooth leio/my/oma smooth/muscle/tumor
(smooth muscle tumor usually found in stomach or uterus)
LEVAT/O-
lift up levat/or lift up (muscle)/one who
LIGA-
to bind liga/ment to bind/state of
(binding bone to bone)
-LISTHESIS
slippage spondylo/listh/esis vertebrae/slippage/condition of
LORD/O-
swayback or to bend lordo/sis swayback (to bend)/condition of
(lumbar spine is bent anterior: often seen in horses)
LUMB/O-
loin lumb/ar loin (5 large lower back vertebrae: just above sacrum or large tail bone)
LUNA-
crescent-shaped or moon lun/ate moon or crescent-shaped/refers to
(Lunar literally means moon, month, silver. Moon is usually seen in a ‘C’ shape like the 2 crescent cartilages of the knee.) related term(s): MENISC/O-
LUX-
to dislocate sub/lux/ation under or less/to dislocate/refers to
(osteopaths, chiropractors, and orthopedic doctors manipulate or adjust these bone dis/articulations)
MALAC/O-
soft or softening ostero/malac/ia bone/soft or softening/pertains to
MALL/E/OLUS
little hammer malle/olus hammer (little bony protuberance on either side of ankle joint)/small
related term(s): MALLE/O-
MAN/O-
hand manu/al hand/pertain to mano/meter (thin or hand measurement)
MAND/I-
chew or chewer mand/ible chew or chewer/ability to(lower jaw bone)
MAXILL/O-
upper jaw maxill/ary jaw/refers to
MENISC/O-
crescent menisc/ectomy crescent (‘C’ shaped)/excision
(knee cartilage that are half moon or ‘C’ shaped) related term(s): LUNA-
-MOTOR
movement or motion oculo/motor eye/motion or movement psycho/motor mind/movement
related term(s): KINESI/O-
MY/O-
muscle my/oma muscle or muscular/tumor
alternate spelling: MY-, MYOS-
NAVICUL/O-
boat or boat-shaped navicul/ar boat-shaped/refer to
(ankle and wrist scaphoid bones)
OBLIQUE:
sidelong or slanted oblique sidelong or slanted (at a 45 ‘+/-‘ degree angle)
OCCULT/O-
hidden occult/a (spina bi/fida) hidden (thorn: two/clefts)/refers to
-OMA
tumor or swelling carcin/oma crab or crab-like/tumor or swelling
OMO-
shoulder omo/burs/itis shoulder (near arm)/sack/inflamed
related term(s): OMI-
OSTE/O-
bone osteo/path bone/disease
(most diseases caused by bone misalignment) osteo/por/osis bone/cavities (pores)/condition of
PARIET/O-
wall or partition pariet/al wall or partition/refer to
(skull bone) partition/refer to (pertains to walls of a cavity) alternate spelling: PARIET-
PATELL/O-
little dish or kneecap patell/ar little dish (kneecap)/refer to
PECT/O-
chest pector/al chest (anterior breast area)/refer to
related term(s): PECTERO-
PED-
foot or feet ped/al foot or feet/refer to
alternate spelling: PEDO-, PEDI-, related term(s): PES, POD-, PODO-
PELVI/O-
base, basin, pelvis pelv/ic base, basin, pelvis/refers to
(bounded by hip bones and sacrum) alternate spelling: PELV/O-
PERITON/E-
that which holds the lower viscera peritone/um that which holds the lower organs/refers to
(two layered serous membrane in abdomino/pelvic cavity that hold organs) periton/itis membrane holding lower viscera or organs and structures/inflammation
PERONEO-
pin or concerning the lower outside leg bone perone/al pin or concerning the lower outside leg bone/refers to
perone/us pin/refers to (one of several muscles of leg that moves the foot) PES foot tali/pes ankle/foot (club foot - ankle and foot turn inward) related term(s): PED-, POD-, PODO-
PHALANG/O-
close-knit row (fingers and toes) a/phalang/ia without/close-knit row (fingers and toes)/refers to
related term(s): PHALANX-
PHOC/O-
seal phoco/mel/ia seal/limbs/refers to
(flipper babies caused by thalidomide and other drugs)
PHRAG/O-
wall or partition dia/phragm across or through/wall or partition
related term(s): PARIET/O-, SEPTA-
-PHYSIS
growth or nature of sym/physis together/growth or nature of
alternate spelling: -PHYSIC
POLLEX-
thumb pollex/ectomy thumb/removal
POR/O-
cavity or passage (porous) osteo/por/o/sis bone/cavity or passage (porous)/condition of
PSOAS:
loin or lumbar psoas loin (lumbar) (these are muscles above the flank and beside the lumbar region)
PULP/O-
solid flesh pulp/itis solid flesh/inflamed
RHACHI/O-
jointed vertebrae, spine, spinal column rhach/itis jointed vertebrae, spine, spinal column/inflamed
alternate spelling: RACHIO-
RHEUMAT/O-
discharge or flow through rheumat/oid arthr/itis discharge or flow through/resembles: joint/inflamed
RHOMB/O-
parallelogram or diamond-shaped rhomb/oid muscles (major and minor) parallelogram (diamond-shaped)/resembles: muscles (one of two muscles beneath the large trapezius muscles of the neck and back ‘cervical and thoracic vertebra’.)
RICKETTS/IA:
Bacteria discovered by Howard Ricketts/refers to
(Dr. Howard Ricketts was an American pathologist ‘1871-1910’ who identified this type of organism.)
ROTAT/O-
to turn or swing around rotat/or to turn or swing around/one who
SACR/O-
saucer or sacred bone sacr/al saucer or sacred bone/pertaining to
SARC/O-
fleshy sarc/oma fleshy/tumor
(these are tumors of the body’s hard tissue ‘bones, muscle, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage’ that become soft or flesh-like)
SCAPUL/O-
shoulder blade scapul/ectomy shoulder blade/removal (surgical excision)
SCOLI/O-
crooked or twisted scoli/osis crooked or twisted (spine)/condition of
SKELET/O-
dried up or to attach skelet/al dried up or to attach/refers to
SOLE-
the sole of the foot sole/us sole of foot/refers to
(muscle running from the back of the lower leg to the sole of the foot)
SPAD/I-
to tear epi/spad/ism upon/to tear/state of
(usually abnormal opening on the upper side of the male penis or shaft) related term(s): AVULS/I-, tip: DACRY/O- and LACRIM/O- means “to tear” as in tearing or crying
-SPASM
involuntary contraction myo/spasm muscle/sudden involuntary muscle contraction
SPIN/O-
thorn or thorny spin/al thorn or thorny/refers to
(sharp pointed projection of bone: the spine has multiple thorny projections) related term(s): CORNU- (means horn or horny)
SPONDYL/O-
vertebra spondyl/itis vertebra/inflamed
SPRAIN:
to wring out or press out sprain to wring out or press out (usually with tears, swelling, and bleeding)
STERN/O-
chest, sternum, or breastbone stern/al chest, sternum, breastbone/pertain to
STRAIN:
to draw tight strain to draw tight (stretch) (less severe than a sprain)
SUR/A-
on calf of leg sur/al on calf of leg/refers to
(muscles: area of leg calf)
SYM-
together sym/physis together/growth
related term(s): COM-, CON-, SYN-
TAL/O-
ankle tal/us ankle/refers to
TARS/O-
broad flat surface meta/tars/al beyond/broad flat surface/refer to
-TAXIA
muscle coordination a/taxia without/muscle coordination
TEN/O-
tendon teno/desis tendon/binding (surgical fixating or reattaching a tendon)
related term(s): TEND/O-, TENDON-
TENS/O-
to stretch or stretches tens/or to stretch or stretches/one who
alternate spelling: TENT/O-
TERAT/O-
monster terat/o/logy monster/study of
(medical special that studies deformed offspring) alternate spelling: TERA-
TERES:
round teres (round and smooth muscles or ligaments that are cylindrical)
TETAN/O-
spasm or spasms tetan/y spasm or spasms/process of
(contraction of muscles-like in lockjaw)
THEN/O-
palm of hand or sole of foot then/ar palm of hand or sole of foot/pertains to
(palm of hand and the fleshy part at base of thumb)
THORAC/O-
chest thoraco/centesis chest (thoracic cavity)/puncture or aspiration of
What is the medical specialty that studies deformed offspring?
TERA-
Alternate spelling: TERA-
What does TERES refer to?
Round teres refers to round and smooth muscles or ligaments that are cylindrical.
What does TETAN/O- signify?
TETAN/O- refers to spasm or spasms.
What is the meaning of TETAN/y?
TETAN/y refers to the process of spasm or spasms, such as in lockjaw.
What does THEN/O- pertain to?
THEN/O- pertains to the palm of the hand or sole of the foot.
What is THORAC/O- related to?
THORAC/O- is related to the chest.
What does thoraco/centesis mean?
Thoraco/centesis means surgical puncture to drain fluid from the chest.
What does TIBIA refer to?
TIBIA refers to the shinbone.
What does tibi/al mean?
Tibi/al refers to the shinbone.
What does TIBI/algia indicate?
TIBI/algia indicates pain in the shinbone.
What does TRACHE/O- refer to?
TRACHE/O- refers to rough.
What does trache/o/tom/y mean?
Trache/o/tom/y means to cut into the rough, specifically between the semi-circular cartilage rings of the windpipe.
What does ULN/A refer to?
ULN/A refers to the elbow.
What does VAG/O- signify?
VAG/O- signifies wanderer, specifically the longest cranial nerve.
What does VALG/U- refer to?
VALG/U- refers to inward.
What condition does genu valgum describe?
Genu valgum describes the condition of ‘knock knees.’
What does VAR/U- signify?
VAR/U- signifies outward.
What condition does genu varum describe?
Genu varum describes the condition of ‘bow legged.’
What does -VERSION mean?
-VERSION means to turn or to turn in.
What does VERTEBR/O- refer to?
VERTEBR/O- refers to jointed.
What does vertebr/al mean?
Vertebr/al refers to six or more articulations or joints on each vertebral bone.
