MedTerm) Basics & AP Flashcards
-ABLE
capable of or ability to.
EX: erg/able = work/capable of. Related term(s): -IBLE.
ALB/O-
white.
EX: albin/ism = white/state of. (albo-, leuco-, leuko- also mean white.)
AMBI-
both.
EX: ambi/later/al = both/sides/refers to; ambi/dextr/ous = both/right (dominant hand)/refers to or state of.
AMPHI-
both.
EX: amphi/arthr/osis = both sides/joint/condition of.
AN-
lack of or without.
EX: an/orex/ia = lack of or without/appetite/refers to.
ANA-
apart or up.
EX: ana/tom/y = apart or up/cut/procedure of or process of; ana/phase = up/stage (mitosis stage when chromosomes move up or apart).
ANTI-
against.
EX: anti/sept/ic = against/infection/refers to; anti/bio/tic = against/life/refers to.
ARCHE/O-
first.
EX: arche/type = first or original/form or shape (it produces other forms).
-AR
refers to or pertains to.
EX: patell/ar = little dish (kneecap)/refers to. Related terms: -AC, -AL, -ARY, -ATE, -EUM, etc.
-ATION
process of or procedure of.
EX: circul/ation = circle/process of (blood moving from heart & returning); cardio/graph/y = heart/instrument to record/procedure of. Related term(s): -AGE, -IATION, -ING, -ION, -TION, -Y.
BENE-
good or normal.
EX: bene/fit = good or normal/suited for.
BENIGN-
kind.
EX: benign/iform = kind/shape or appearance (tumor in capsule: slow-growing & expansive, not invading).
BI-
two.
EX: bi/ceps = two/headed (muscle). Related term(s): CO-, BIN-, DI-, DIPLO-, DUO-, DYO-.
BIN-
two.
EX: bin/ocul/ar = two/eyes/refers to. Related term(s): CO-, BI-, DI-, DIPLO-, DUO-, DYO-.
CAPN/O-
carbon dioxide.
EX: capno/graph = carbon dioxide (or smoke)/instrument (used in exercise physiology to measure CO2).
CAV-
hollow.
EX: cav/ity = hollow space.
-CELE
swelling or tumor.
EX: laparo/cele = abdominal/swelling or tumor.
CELLUL/O-
chambers.
EX: cellul/itis = chambers or body cells (tissues are cell groups)/infection.
CENTI-
one-hundredth part (100).
EX: centi/meter = one-hundredth part (100)/of meter (metre- or -meter means to measure, & a meter is 39.37 inches).
CHLOR/O-
green.
EX: chlor/emia = green (chlorides)/in blood.
CHROM/O-
colored.
EX: chromo/some = colored/body (23 pairs in each body cell).
-CID
to kill.
EX: sui/cid/al = oneself/to kill/refers to.
CIRCUM-
around.
EX: circum/flex = around/bend; circum/cis/ion = around/cut/process of; circum/duct/ion = around/movement/state of.
CIRRH/O-
yellow-orange.
EX: cirrh/o/sis = yellow-orange (jaundiced) or yellow/condition of (disease or infection causing liver failure).
CO-
two.
EX: co/llater/al liga/ment = two (2 outer knee ligaments)/sides/refers to binding/act of; co-operat/ive = two/working/state of. Related term(s): BI-, BIN-, DI-, DIPLO-, DUO-, DYO-.
COM-
together.
EX: com/press/ion = together/contract/process of; com/minuted fracture = together/small: break. Related term(s): CON-, SYM-, SYN-.
CORP/O-
body.
EX: corp/us = body/refers to (corpus pediculosis means “body lice”).
-CULE
little.
EX: mole/cule = mass/little (small quantity that can be divided without loss of characteristics). Related term(s): -ICLE, -IOLE, -ULE, -ULA.
DE-
away.
EX: de/gluti/tion = away/swallowing/process of; de/form = away/shape.
DECI-
one tenth (1/10).
EX: deci/liter = one tenth (1/10)/liter. (Deca- means 10.)
DEKA-
ten.
EX: deka/gram = ten/grams (15.432 grains = 1 gram; 28.35 grams = 1 ounce).
DEMI-
half.
EX: demi/facet = half/little face (superior & inferior projections of the vertebral arch). Related term(s): DEMI-, HEMI-, SEMI-.
DIA-
across, through, total, between.
EX: dia/phragm = across, through, total, complete, between/partition or wall; dia/meter = across/measure; dia/gnosis = total/knowledge; dia/stole = “between/contractions.”
DIPLO-
double or two.
EX: dipl/op/ia = double or two/sight or vision/refers to (person experiencing double vision). Related term(s): CO-, BI-, BIN-, DI-, DUO-, DYO-.
DIS-
away from or reverse.
EX: dis/ease = away from or reverse/comfort or ease.
DROMO-
running.
EX: dromo/mania = running/madness; pro/drom/al = before/running/pertains to (specific phase of infection: after incubation & before convalescence stages).
DY/O-
two or a pair.
EX: dy/ad = two or a pair/refers to (pair of chromosomes formed during meiosis). Related term(s): CO-, BI-, BIN-, DI-, DIPLO-, DUO-, DYO-.
DYS-
difficult, faulty, painful.
EX: dys/toc/ia = difficult or painful/birth/pertains to; dys/chondro/plas/ia = faulty/cartilage/dev/refers to; dys/meno/rrhea = painful/monthly/flow.
-E (suffix)
instrument.
EX: rhino/scop/e = nose/view or examine/instrument. Related term(s): -graph.
E- (prefix)
out or remove.
EX: e/viscer/ate = out or remove/organs/act of or state of. Related term(s): ec-, ect-, ex-, ext-.
EDEMA-
swelling.
EX: lymph/edema = lymph/swelling.
EF-
away or out.
EX: ef/ferent = away or out/to carry (nerve or blood flow away from a structure); ef/fus/ion = out/attached/process.
EM-
in.
EX: em/py/ema = in/pus/refers to (collection of pus in a body cavity); em/bol/ism = within/lump/state.
EN-
in.
EX: en/cephal/itis = in/head (refers to brain)/inflamed.
ENAMEL-
hard.
EX: enamel = hard (hard outer covering of the upper tooth).
ENDO-
within or inside.
EX: endo/derm = within or inside/skin.
EPI-
upon.
EX: epi/didymis = upon/teste (coil structure upon teste); epi/gastr/ic = upon/stomach/pertains to; epi/glott/itis = upon/tongue/inflamed.
ETI/O-
cause.
EX: eti/olog/y = cause/study or science of diseases/process.
EX-
out, outside, outward.
EX: ex/tens/ion = outward/to stretch/process of. Related term(s): EXO-, EXTRA-.
-GNOSIS
knowledge.
EX: dia/gnosis = total or complete/knowledge.
-GRADE
a step, stage, or degree in a process.
EX: retro/grade = backward or behind/a step, stage, or degree in a process.
HEMI-
half or one-half.
EX: hemi/plegia = half (right or left side of the body)/paralyzed. Related term(s): DEMI-, SEMI-.
HEPT/A-
seven.
EX: hepta/dactyl/ia = seven/fingers or toes/refers to.
HETER/O-
other or opposite.
EX: hetero/gen/ous = other or opposite/form/state of.
-IA
refers to, condition, state of.
EX: esthes/ia = feeling (physical)/refers to, condition, state of; dys/phag/ia = difficult/eating or swallowing/refers to. Related term(s): -A.
-ICIAN
one who.
EX: diet/ician = food/one who (performs).
IDIO-
unique to or unknown cause.
EX: idio/path/ic = unique to or unknown cause/disease/refers to.
-ID
state of.
EX: morb/id = disease/state of.
IM-
into or not.
EX: im/plant = into/place or locate; im/potent = not/powerful or strong (not capable of having a strong or hard male erection).
INTER-
between.
EX: inter/cellul/ar = between/cell or chamber/refers to.
-IOR
one who is.
EX: infer/ior = under or below/one who (is). Related term(s): -ER, -OR.
-IOUS
state of.
EX: delir/ious = mental confusion or excitement/state of.
ISO-
equal or same.
EX: iso/ton/ic = equal or same/tone/refers to; iso/cell/ar = equal/cells/refers to.
What is an ABSCESS?
A going away abscess involves tissue disintegration & displacement due to a ‘Staph’ infection forming pus.
What does ALGES/I- refer to?
Pain
Related terms: -AGRA, -ALGIA, DOLO-, -DYNIA
What does -ALGIA mean?
Pain
Related terms: -AGRA, ALGESIA-, DOLO-, -DYNIA
What does ANTE- signify?
Before
Examples: ante/nat/al (before birth), ante/pyrect/ic (before fever)
What does ANTER/O- mean?
Before or foremost.
What does AQUA- refer to?
Water
Related term: HYDRO-
What is AUSCULT/O-?
To listen
Auscultation is the process of listening for physical diagnosis.
What does BACILL/O- mean?
Rod-like.
What does BACTERI/O- refer to?
Rod
Refers to the first bacteria viewed under a microscope.
What does BIO- signify?
Life
Related terms: bio/log/y (science of or study of life).
What does BUCCA- mean?
Cheek
Pertains to the cheek.
What does CAL/O- refer to?
Heat, heated or hot
One of the 4 characteristics of inflammation: calor-heat; rubor-red; tumor-swelling; dolor-pain.
What does CAPIT/O- signify?
Head
Related terms: CAPUT, CEPHAL/O-.
What does CAUD/O- mean?
Tail or toward tail.
What does CAUST/O- refer to?
Burn or heat
Related terms: CAUS-, CAUTER/O-.
What does CAUTER/O- signify?
To burn or to heat
Cauterization is the act of burning or heating.
What does -CENTESIS mean?
Surgical puncture to drain fluid
Example: thoraco/centesis (chest/surgical puncture to drain fluid).
What does CENTR/I- refer to?
Center.
What does CEPHAL/O- signify?
Head
Example: en/cephal/itis (within/head/inflamed).
What does -CEPT- mean?
Receiver
Example: chemo/cept/or (chemical or drug/receiver).
What does CINE/O- refer to?
Movement
Example: cine/angio/cardio/graph/y (movement/vessel/heart/filming instrument).
What does -CIS mean?
Cut or to cut
Related terms: sect/o-.
What does -CLYSIS signify?
Irrigation or injection.
What does -COCCUS mean?
Berry
Example: staphylo/coccus (grapelike/berry shape of bacteria).
What is the CORONAL PLANE?
Crowning or frontal body cut
It cuts the body into front and back parts.
What does CRYO- refer to?
Cold
Example: cryo/therap/y (cold/treat or cure).
What does CURETT/O- mean?
Scooping or scraping
Example: curett/age (scooping or scraping).
What does CYTE- signify?
Cell or chamber
Related terms: CYT-, CYTH-.
What does DEEP mean?
Most inward.
What does DEM/O- refer to?
People
Example: Dem/o/graphy (people/procedure of recording).
What does DEPRESS/O- mean?
Lower.
What does -DESIS signify?
Binding or to bind
Example: ligo/desis (to bind).
What does DEXTR/O- refer to?
Right
Example: dextro/card/ia (right/heart).
What does DIFFERENT- mean?
To separate
Example: different/ial dia/gnosis (to identify the differences between two or more similar conditions).
What does DIST/O- signify?
Farther from.
What does DOCT/O- mean?
To teach or teacher.
What does DOL/O- refer to?
Pain
Related terms: -AGRA, ALGESIA-, -ALGIA, -DYNIA.
What does DORS/O- signify?
Back
Example: dors/al (back/posterior).
What does DUCT/O- mean?
To draw or to lead away
Example: ab/duct/ion (away/to draw).
What does DYNAM/O- refer to?
Work or strength.
What does -DYNIA mean?
Pain
Example: coccygo/dynia (tailbone/pain).
What does ECHO- signify?
Sound
Example: echo/gram (sound/writing or recording).
What does -ECTOMY mean?
Excision or removal
Example: tonsill/ectomy (almond or small mass/excision).
What does ELECTR/O- refer to?
Electrical.
What does FEBR/O- mean?
Fever.
What does GEN/O- signify?
Race.
What does GENI/O- refer to?
Chin
Example: geni/ec/tom/y (chin/out/cutting).
What does -GRAFT mean?
To probe or cut with a knife
Example: dermo/graft (skin/to probe with knife).
What does -GRAM mean?
To record
Example: myo/gram (muscle/to record).
What does -GRAPHY signify?
Procedure of using an instrument to do recording.
What does -GRAPH mean?
Instrument
Example: myo/graph (muscle/instrument used to do recording).
What does IN SITU mean?
In position or location.
What does INFECT/O- refer to?
To invade.
What does -ING mean?
Procedure of or process of.
What does INTRO- signify?
Within.
What does INTUS- mean?
Within.
What does ION/O- refer to?
Going or ion movement.
What does IPSI- signify?
Equal.
What does IR- mean?
Not or lack of.
What does -ISH refer to?
Resembling or related to.
What does -ISM mean?
State of or condition of.
What does -IST signify?
Specialist.
What does -ITIS mean?
Inflamed or inflammation.
What does -ITY refer to?
State of.
What does -IZE mean?
State of or acts like.
What does LAX- signify?
To loosen or loosening.
What does LEPTO- mean?
Thin or slender.
What does -LITER refer to?
Liter.
What does -LYSIS mean?
Destruction, breakdown, declining.
What does MAL- signify?
Bad, harm, injury.
What does -MATA mean?
Multiple.
What does -METRY refer to?
Measurement procedure.
What does MILLI- mean?
One thousandth.
What does MINIMUS- signify?
Smallest.
What does MINUTE mean?
Small.
What does -MITR/E refer to?
Head band or mitre box.
What does MYEL/O- mean?
Spinal cord or bone marrow.
What does NUCLE/O- signify?
Nut.
What does -O/PLASTY refer to?
Repair or plastic surgery.
What does -OID mean?
Resembling.
What does ONC/O- signify?
Tumor.
What does -ORRHAPHY mean?
Suturing or repair.
What does -OSTOMY refer to?
Mouth-like opening produced by surgery.
What does -OTOMY mean?
Cutting, to cut, cut into.
What does -OTRIPSY signify?
Crushing or to crush.
What does PALL/O- refer to?
Pale or lack of color.
What does PALPAT/O- mean?
Touching or to touch.
What does PALPIT- signify?
Quivering or fluttering.
What does PHARMAC/O- refer to?
Drug relationship.
What does -PHERESIS mean?
Withdrawal or to separate.
What does PHOT/O- signify?
Light.
What does PHYSI/O- mean?
Function of or nature of.
What does PLAS- refer to?
Growth, development, formation.
What does PRO- mean?
Before.
What does PRONE- signify?
To bend forward.
What does PROXIM/O- mean?
Close or closest.
What does PYO- refer to?
Pus.
What does PYRET/O- mean?
Fever.
What does RADI/O- signify?
Ray, spoke, X-ray, radioactivity.
What does RAY- mean?
Spoke or wave length.
What does ROENT/O- refer to?
X-ray.
What does SAGITT/O- mean?
Arrow or arrow-like.
What does -SCOP/E signify?
An instrument that examines or views.
What does -SCOPY mean?
To examine or view.
What does SECT/O- refer to?
To cut.
What does SINISTR/O- mean?
To the left or left.
What does SOM/O- signify?
Body.
What does SON/O- refer to?
Sound.
What does SPHYGM/O- mean?
Pulse.
What does STAPHYL/O- refer to?
Grape or grape-like clusters.
What does STEREO- mean?
Three-dimensional or solid.
What does STETH/O- signify?
Chest.
What does STREPT/O- mean?
Twisted or twisted chain.
What does /O- indicate?
Grape or grape-like clusters
Related term(s): UV-, UVE/A-, UVE/O-, UVUL/O-
What does STEREO- refer to?
Three-dimensional or solid
Related terms: stereo/cine/fluoro/graphy
What does STETH/O- mean?
Chest
Related term(s): PECT/O-, PECTER/O-, THORAC/O-
What does STREPT/O- signify?
Twisted or twisted chain
Example: strepto/coccus
What does STRICT/O- denote?
Drawing or binding
Example: strict/ure
What does SURG/I- refer to?
Working by hand
Example: surg/ical
What is the meaning of SUTURE?
Sewing together
Procedure of sutur/ing
What does SYN- imply?
Together
Related terms: syn/drome, syn/apse, syn/ovi/al
What does SYNCOPE mean?
To faint or fainting
What does TAX/O- refer to?
Arrange, to order, to organize, or locate
Example: tax/o/nom/y
What does THERAP/O- signify?
Treating or curing
Example: chemo/therap/y
What does THERM/O- mean?
Heat, hot or warm
Related terms: therm/ometer, therm/al, thermo/gram
What does -TION indicate?
Process of or procedure of
Related terms: -AGE, -ATION, -IATION, -ING, -ION, -Y
What does -TOM/E refer to?
Cutting instrument
Example: derma/tom/e
What does TON/O- signify?
Tension, tone, pressure
Example: tono/meter
What does TOX/O- mean?
Poison
Related terms: SEPS/O-, SEPT/O-, VIR/O-
What does TRAUMA refer to?
Wound
What does -TRESIA indicate?
Perforation or opening
Example: a/tresia
What does TRIAGE mean?
To sort or classify
Example: screening in hospitals
What does -TRIPSY refer to?
To crush
Example: litho/tripsy
What does TRYPAN/O- signify?
Borer, to bore, drill
Example: trypano/som/iasis
What does VENTR/O- mean?
Belly
Example: ventr/al
What does VIR/O- refer to?
Poison
Related terms: SEPS/O-, SEPT/O-, TOX/O-
What does VIT/O- signify?
Alive, life, living
Related term(s): VIV/I-
What does -Y indicate?
Procedure of or process of
Related terms: -AGE, -ATION, -IATION, -ING, -ION, -TION
w/ A&P, -in usually indicates?
Proteins ex Fibrin
w/ A&P, -ase usually indicates?
Enzymes
w/ A&P, -ose usually indicates?
carbohydrate sugars
w/ A&P, -mere usually indicates?
a unit of measurement
w/ A&P, “reticular” usually indicates/means
network
w/ A&P, Sebum indicates?
“oily” lubricate
w/ A&P, “Cillia” roughly means?
little hairs
w/ A&P, papilla roughly means?
“nipple or nipple shaped”
w/ A&P, arrector roughly means?
to bring up & make rigid
w/ A&P, -Chondro usually indicates?
connective tissue/cartilage
w/ A&P, -cytes indicates?
a cell
w/ A&P, Syn-/Sym- roughly/usually means?
“bridge”, “Come/build together”
w/ A&P, Phago- roughly means?
“Eater”
w/ A&P, -Myo- usually roughly means?
Muscle
w/ A&P, -Soma-, -Som/e usually roughly means?
Body/ body of
w/ A&P, -riole usually roughly means?
“little” ex cent|riole or arte|riole
w/ A&P, “Amygdala” translates to?
almond
