MedTerm - module 5 Flashcards
1
Q
respiration
A
breathing; process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the body and the environment
2
Q
expiration/exhalation
A
breathing out carbon dioxide from the body
3
Q
inspiration/inhalation
A
process of breathing in oxygen
4
Q
ventilation
A
the process of both inspiration and expiration
5
Q
external respiration
A
work of inhaling and exhaling between the respiratory and the external environment
6
Q
internal respiration
A
exchange of inhalation and expiration takes place within the body, the work of the body cells taking in oxygen and giving carbon dioxide
7
Q
nose
A
entrance to the respiratory system through which air travels to and from the lungs
8
Q
nas/o, rhin/o
A
nose
9
Q
nasal septum
A
is the separation of the nose (midline portion)
10
Q
sept/o
A
septum
11
Q
paranasal sinuses
A
air containing cavities in the bones around the nose
12
Q
sinus/o
A
paranasal sinuses
13
Q
pharynx
A
tubelike structure about 5 inches in length. throat and is a passageway for food and air
14
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
15
Q
adenoids
A
masses of lymphoid tissue
16
Q
adenoid/o
A
adenoids
17
Q
tonsils
A
masses of lymphoid tissue
18
Q
tonsil/o
A
tonsils
19
Q
larynx
A
voice box; vital airway to the lungs; adams apple
20
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx
21
Q
phon/o
A
voice itself/sound
22
Q
epiglottis
A
covers the entrance to the larynx to prevent food from passing into that organ during swallowing
23
Q
trachea
A
windpipe, is a cylindrical tube in the neck, measuring 5 inches.
24
Q
trache/o
A
trachea
25
bronch/o, bronchi/o
bronchi
26
bronchi
the division of the trachea, at its lower end, into two large air passages
27
bronchioles
division of bronchus; small branches
28
bronchiol/o
bronchioles
29
alveolar ducts
alveoli arise from here
30
alveoli
clusters of millions of minute air sacs
31
alveol/o
alveoli
32
pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o, pulmon/o
lungs
33
lungs
main structures of the respiratory system
34
lobes
divides of the lungs
35
lob/o
lobes
36
thorax
chest
37
thorac/o
thorax
38
diaphragm
muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
39
diaphragmat/o
diaphragm
40
phren/o
diaphragm
41
phrenalgia
pain in the diaphragm
42
phrenospasm
spasm of the diaphragm; hiccup
43
mediastinum
the central portion of the chest cavity, space between the lungs
44
pleura
double folded membranous layer which folds over to also form the lining of the chest wall
45
pleur/o
pleaura
46
pleural cavity
space separating the layers of the pleura contains a small amount of fluid that helps to keep the lungs as they expand and contract during breathing
47
intrapleural
anything occurring within the pleura
48
rhinitis
inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, usually accompanied by inflammation and nasal discharge
49
pansinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses
50
rhinomycosis
fungal infection of the nasal membrane
51
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
interruption of the airflow cause by the relaxation and repetitive collapse of the pharyngeal muscles during sleep
52
a-
without
53
-pnea
breathing
54
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx. could either be acute or chronic
55
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
56
adenoiditis
inflammation of the adenoids
57
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils. appear red and swollen
58
laryngitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx
59
epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
60
tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
61
tracheostenosis
narrowing or constricting of the trachea
62
epistaxis
nosebleed. cause by a rupture of blood vessels in the nose
63
pertussis
highly contagious, bacterial upper respiratory tract. whooping cough with a whooping inhalation to follow
64
paroxysms
coughing
65
croup
condition that results from the acute obstruction of the larynx
66
stridor
high pitched sound that accompanies inspiration and is produced by the blocked air passages
67
influenza
flu, highly contagious and potentially fatal infection. categorized at A,B,C.
68
Asthma
reactive airway disease. chronic intermittent respiratory disorder in which the air passages of the lungs become inflamed and overresponsive to a host of triggering agents
69
mucus
slippery fluid secreted by mucous membranes to line and protect them
70
bronchitis
respiratory disorder in which inflammatory changes to and narrowing of the bronchi causes airflow limitations
71
laryngotracheobronchitis
inflammation of both the larynx and trachea
72
chronic bronchitis
recurrent cough and excessive production of pulmonary secretions
73
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
irreversible restricted airflow. COPD
74
emphysema
COPD. alveolar walls lose their elasticity, become overinflated, and eventually ruptured
75
dyspnea on exertion
early symptom of emphysema/
76
barrel chest
breathing requires more exertion.
77
cor pulmonale
a serious condition in which a portion of the heart becomes enlarged and may fail as a consequence of chronic lung disease
78
bronchiectasis
abnormal dilation of the bronchi. caused by bacterial infection.
79
crackles
crackling sounds heard during inspiration when the alveoli are filled with secretions
80
bronchogenic carcinoma
lung cancer arising from the bronchi
81
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
82
dys-
abnormal
83
-pnea
breathing
84
eupnea
normal breathing
85
eu-
normal
86
trachypnea
rapid or fast breathing
87
tachy-
rapid or fast
88
hyperpnea
excessive breathing
89
hyponea
deficient breathing
90
asphyxia
deprivation of oxygen for tissue use
91
orthopnea
ability to breathe only when in an upright position
92
pulmonary function tests
to see if everything is functioning right, measure breathing,
93
cystic fibrosis
inherited disorder that affects the mucous membrane of the respiratory system. mucous produce thick, abundant secretions that cause airway obstruction.
94
alveolitis
inflammation of the alveolus
95
atelectasis
disorder characterized by incomplete expansion or collapse of the alveoli
96
atel/o
imperfect or incomplete
97
ectasis
stretching, expansion
98
pneumoconiosis
occupation related lung diseases characterized by inflammation, infection and bronchitis
99
coni/o
dust
100
mucopurulent
presence of pus and mucous
101
pneumonia
acute inflammation of the lungs in response to infective agents
102
lobar pneumonia
area of the lung involved in the disease process
103
bronchopneumonia
consolidation occurs primarily in the terminal bronchioles
104
nosocomial infection
infection acquired during hospitalization
105
pleuritis/pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
106
pulmonary neoplasms
new growths of abnormal tissue in the lungs
107
pleural effusion
excessive fluid can collect in the pleural space
108
pneumothorax
accumulation of gas or air in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall
109
tachypnea
rapid breathing
110
tuberculosis
inhalation of mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacilli, rod shaped bacteria. invade the lungs
111
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
develops as a result of physical trauma. IRDS in infants
112
ventilator
use of a mechanical device for assistance of breathing
113
pulmonary edema
abnormal amounts of fluid accumulate in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lungs
114
pulmonary embolism
blockage of a pulmonary artery
115
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx
116
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
OSA treated with this. is used only with patients who can initiate their own breathing
117
nebulizer
a device that delivers medication via a mist
118
tracheotomy
artificial opening of the trachea
119
septoplasty
surgical repair of the nasal septum
120
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
excise inflammed organs
121
adenotome
instrument used to cut the adenoids
122
auscultation
breathing sounds
123
stethoscope
a way to listen to breathing sounds
124
percussion
tapping of the body with the fingertips to determine the size, borders and density of the internal organs by the sound obtained
125
sputum culture
respiratory mucus secretion
126
bronchograms
radiographic images of the bronchi
127
arterial blood gases
measuring blood gases in the arterial blood
128
chest x ray
chest radiograph
129
ventilation/perfusion scanning
lung scanning, the injection or inhalation of radioactive material to study its distribution in the lung
130
acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain
chest radiographs and examination of sputum
131
mantoux skin test
can indicate exposure to TB. intradermal test
132
spirometry
measure air capacity of the lungs during breathing
133
spirometer
instrument that measures breathing
134
-spir/o
breathing
135
-metry
measure
136
peak flow meter
portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lungs
137
oximetry
measure the amount of oxygen in the blood using a device attached to the fingertip
138
bronchodialator
relax muscles of the bronchioles. expanding airway diameter and aid in clearing the mucous
139
bronchoconstrictor
agen that narrows the bronchi
140
bronchoscopy
a bronchoalveolar examination with a flexible, lighted fiberoptic tube
141
thoracotomy
an incision of the chest
142
video-assisted thorascopy
thoracoscope and video for and endoscopic procedure
143
lobectomy or pneumonectomy
surgery, excising a part of the lung
144
atelectasis
incomplete expansion of alveoli
145
aspirate
withdrawing or suctioning fluid and foreign material from the respiratory tract
