MedTerm - module 15 Flashcards
1
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
2
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord
3
Q
glial cells
A
glia
neuroglia
4
Q
gli/o
A
gluey substance
5
Q
radicul/o
A
nerve root
6
Q
radic/o
A
nerve root
7
Q
rhiz/o
A
nerve root
8
Q
neuron
A
nerve cell
9
Q
dendrite
A
projections from the cell body
10
Q
myelin sheath
A
covers the axon of many nerves
11
Q
axon
A
thread like extension
12
Q
gangli/o
A
ganglion
13
Q
ganglion/o
A
ganglion
14
Q
afferent
A
sensory
15
Q
efferent
A
motor
16
Q
synapse
A
point of functiuonal contact between neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ
17
Q
impulse conduction
A
receptors of our sensory neurons detect a change in the environment
18
Q
impulse
A
electrical disturbance
19
Q
brain
A
one of the largest organs in the body
20
Q
cranium
A
brain is encased within it
21
Q
mening/o
A
meninges
22
Q
meningi/o
A
meninges
23
Q
dur/o
A
dura mater
24
Q
arachnoid
A
loosely attached web-like covering
25
pia mater
delicate, inner layer,
| rich supply of blood vessels that nourish the nervous tissue
26
cerebr/o
cerebrum
27
cerebell/o
cerebrellum
28
brainstem divisions
mid brain
pons
medulla
29
cerebrum
largest most upper section of the brain
30
sulcus
shallow depression on the surface of an organ
31
frontal lobe
largest lobe
32
temporal lobe
lateral region
33
parietal lobe
lies behind frontal and above temporal
34
occipital lobe
small pyramid-shaped area at the posterior of the cerebrum
35
cerebellum
under the cerebrum
| second larges
36
medull/o
medulla oblongata
37
pont/o
pons
38
thalm/o
thalamus
39
ventricle
fluid filled cavities of the brain
40
CSF
within the ventricles and surrounds the brain and spinal cord
41
meningocele
saclike hernial protrusion of either the cerebral or spinal meninges through a bony defect in the skull of spinal cord
42
-cele
hernia
43
meningomyelocele
part of the spinal cord, meninges, and CSF protrude through a congenital defect in the verebral arch
44
hydrocephalus
congenital or acquired condition characterized by dilatioin of the cerebral ventricles accompanied by an accumulation of CSF in the skull
45
duritis
inflammation of the dura mater
46
cerebellitus
inflammation of the cerebellum
47
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
48
neuritis
inflammation of a nerve
49
radiculitis
inflammation of a nerve root
50
polyneuritis
inflammation of many nerves
51
meningitis
inflammatory condition that affects the brain and spinal cord
acute inflammation of the pia and arachnoid mater
52
herpes zoster/shingles
infections disorder that affects the peripheral nerves
53
neuralgia
condition of severe pain
54
hyperesthesia
adnormal condition of increased sensativity, painful reaction to normal painless touch stimuli
55
esthesi/o
sensory perceptions/sensations
56
-esthesia
sensory perceptions/sensations
57
sciatica
inflammation of a specific nerve - the sciatic nerve
58
reye syndrome
may follow an acute viral infection
| acute encephalopathy combined with fatty infiltation of internal organs
59
neuroma
tumor composed of nerve cells
| benign neoplasm
60
glioma
tumor formed by neuroglia
61
glioblastoma multiforme
immatur neuroglia
| most malignant rapidly gwowing form of glioma
62
concussion
injury to the brain cause by minor or major head trauma
63
cephalalgia
head pain, vertigo, unconsciousness
64
coma
extended perior of unconsciousness
65
transient ischemic attack
temporary neurologic disturbances
66
cerebrovascular accident
stroke
brain attack
interruption in normal supply of blood to the brain
67
ischemia
insufficient blood ini a body part
68
thrombosis
blood clot
69
thrombus
blood clot attached to the interior wall of a blood vessel
70
embolism
movement of a clot ouside the brain, through the blood stream to neurovasculature
71
hemorrage
profuse flow of blood within the brain from a ruptured cerebral blood vessel
72
aneurysm
dilation of a weakend wall of an artery, vein or heart
73
hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
74
paraplegia
paralysis of the legs and lower portion of the body
75
quadriplegia and tetraplegia
paralysis of all 4 limbs
76
hemiparesis and
slight paralysis affecting half of the body
77
monoparesis
slight paralysis of one limb
78
-paresis
paralysis
79
aphasia
more severe form of impaired speech
80
dysphagia
speech impairment
81
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
rare degenerative disorder of the nervous system
| degeneration and scarring of the motor neurons along the lateral columns of the spinal cord
82
multiple sclerosis
progressive disorder in which there is destruction of the myelin sheath
myeline sheath destroyed and replaced by scar tissue
83
parasthesia
numbness/tingling
84
huntingtons disease
deficiency of specific neurotransmitters in the midbrain
85
cerebral palsy
disorder of movement or muscle control
86
bell's palsy
paralysis of the 7th cranial nerve, nerve responsible for facial movement and the sensation of taste
87
Parkinson's disease
loss of neurons in the midbrain and inadequate production of dipamine
88
gait
style of walking
89
seizure
abnormal discharge of electrical activity from the nerve cells of the cerebrum
90
covulsion
uncontrollable muscle contraction
91
aura
unusual sensations
92
syncope
fainting
93
psychopath
disease of the mind
94
neurosis
emotional disorder characterized by anxiety and ineffective coping ability
95
psychosis
severe mental disturbance in which the ability to recognize reality and to interact with ones surroundings in defective or lost
96
psychiatry
branch of medicine that seeks to understand and describe human behavior and to treat impaired mental and or emotional functioning
97
psychiatrist
medical doctors who are trained to recognize, diagnose treat and prevent mental disorders
98
iatr/o
treatment, physician
99
iatrist
specialist, physician
100
iatry
treatment/specialty
101
psychology
study of the mental process and behavior
102
psych/o
mind
103
psychologist
ph/d in psychology
104
psychogenic
originating in the mind
105
psychosomatic
relationship of the mind and the body
106
somato form disorders
physical illness with no organic cause
107
electroencephalogram
detect abnormal electrical discharges from the brain
108
electoroencephalography
locate a specific area from which they originate
109
electroencephalograph
instrument used to record the impulses from the brain
110
evoked potential studies
measures changes and responses in brain waves using visual, auditory or somatosensory stimuli
111
computed tomography of the brain
detailed cross sections of brain tissue
112
MRI
magnetic waves to create an image of the brain
113
cerebral angiography
contrast dye to visualize the brains vascular system radiographically
114
positron emission tomography
nuclear medicine imaging technique using radioactive substance to produce sectional images of the brian to examine chemical activity and blood flow within the brain
115
CSF shunt
surgical intervention to relieve presure on the brain by inserting a tube
116
stereotaxic radiosurgery
focused beam of radiation to destroy the abnormal growth
117
neurotomy
incision into a nerve
118
radiculotomy
incision into a nerve root
119
neuroplasty
surgical repair of a nerve
120
neurorrhaphy
suture of a nerve
