MedTerm - module 14 Flashcards
osteocyte
bone cell
oste/o
bone
-cyte
cell
osseous
bony
chondr/o
cartilage
ossification
process of bone formation
epiphysis
bony end of a lon bone
epiphyseal plate
growth plate
osteoblasts
blood forming cells
small immature osteocytes
-blast
embryonic/immature
osteoclasts/phagocytes
resorb, digest, bony tissue and bone minerals
-clast
break
long bones
legs and arms
short bones
wrists and ankles
flat bones
cover soft body parts
shoulder blades, ribs, skull
sesamoid bones
small rounded bones.
increase efficiency of a joint muscles around them
patella
irregular bones
bones that dont fit into a category
diaphysis
middle shaft
metaphysis
eopiphysis and epiphyseal plate grow together to form this
articular cartilage
protect bone from direct bone-to-bone contact
slick, smooth, very tough fibrous tissue
bone depressions
hollows of bones
bone processes
raised or projected areas
periosteum
surrounds bone
outermost surface of the long bones except the ends
compact bone
hard, dense
strong
Haversian canals
blood vessels move through these channels within compact bone
spongy bone
interior of bones where spaces fill with marrow
red bone marrow
rich in blood andhave mature and immature blood cells
endosteum
lines medullary cavity
yellow bone marrow
made up of fat cells
axial skeleton
skull, spinal column, ribs and sternum
appedicular skeleton
upper and lower extremities
shoulder and pelvic girdles
maxill/o
maxila
mandibul/o
mandible
temporomandibular joint
mandible and temporal joint
cranial
skull
sinus
small air cavity
intracranial
within the skull
vertebr/o
vertebral
disks
separate vertebrae
lamin/o
lamina
vertebral foramen/neural foramen
spinal cord passes through
cervic/o
cervical
thorac/o
thoracic
dors/o
dorsal
lumb/o
lumbar
lumbar
pertaining to the loins
cost/o
costals; ribs
lumbocostal
pertaining to the loins and the ribs
sacr/o
sacrum
coccyg/o
coccyx
cocygeal
pertaining to the coccyx
sacral
pertaining to the sacrum
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lumbar and sacrum
thoracic cavity
rib cage
stern/o
sternum
cost/o
costals
manubrium
upper part of the sternum
xiphoid process
lower part of the sternum
xiph/o
xiphoid process
clavic/o
clavicle
clavicul/o
clavicle
scapul/o
scapula
acromi/o
acromion
acromioclavicular joint
acromion and clavicle articulate
humer/o
humerous
uln/o
ulna
radi/o
radius
radial
pertaining to the radius
ulnar
pertaining to the ulna
ulnoradial
pertaining to the ulna and radius
carp/o
carpals
metacarp/o
metacarpal
phalang/o
phalanges
proximal phalanges
ones nearest the palm
distal phalanges
neares the tips of the fingers
singular form of phalanges
phalanx
ili/o
ilium
ischi/o
ischium
pub/o
pubis
symphysis pubis
two pubic bones joint anteriorly at the midline
acetabul/o
acetabulum
acetabulum forms
hip socket for head of femur
femor/o
femur
tibi/o
tibia
patell/o
patella
fibul/o
fibula
perone/o
fibula
malleol/o
maleolus
tars/o
tarsal
calcane/o
calcaneus
metatars/o
metatarsal
muscul/o
muscle
my/o
muscle
myos/o
muscle
tendons
bones to muscle
point of origin
unmovable more stable end
point of insertion
moveable, farther from trunk
antagonist
oppose each other
synergist
contract with each other
muscle
contract, resulting in movement
autonomic
smooth muscle
viscer/o
visceral
smooth muscle opperates on
internal organs, blood vessels ad glandular ducts
skeletal muscles
striated
voluntary
cardi/o
cardiac
arthr/o
joint
articul/o
joint
articulation
point at which muscle attaches to bone
tendin/o
tendon
ten/o
tendon
ligament/o
ligament
aponeur/o
aponeurosis
synov/o
synovial
burs/o
busae/bursa
flexion
bending
extension
straightening
abduction
mvoement away from midline
adduction
movement toward midline
plant/o
plantar
plantar flexion
point toe
dorsiflexion
bend foot up
pronation
palm down
supination
palm up
prone
face down
supine
face p
rotation
multiple directions in one smooth arc
eversion
turning outward
inversion
turning inward
muscular dystropy (MD)
progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers
dystrohy
abnormal development
atrophy
wasting or without development
myasthenia gravis (MG)
chronic disease characterized by weakness
polymyositis
chronic inflammatory myopathy, rash over face, eyes and limbs
rhabdomy/o
striated/skeletal muscle
-penia
deficiency
sarc/o
flesh/tissue
fracture
broken bone
simple fracture
closed- does not rupture the skin
compound fracture
open - ruptures the skin
colles fracture
distal end of the radius with the distal fragment being displaced backward
osteitis
inflammation of bone
osteochondritis
inflammation of both bone and cartilage
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
bursitis
inflammation of bursa
diskitis
inflammation of intervertebral discs
meniscitis
inflammation of the meniscus
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
tenosnovitis
inflammation of the tendon and synovial membrane
osteoporosis
abnormal loss of bone density
osteopenia
abnormal reduction in bone mass caused by inadequate replacement of bone lost through normal processes
osteopetrosis
abnormal condition of stone-like bone that is cause by increased formation of bone
osteomalacia
softenign of bone
osteonecrosis
bone tissue death
osteocarcinoma/osteosarcoma
malignant tumors of bone
osteofibroma
tumor of bone and fibrous tissue
myeloma
neoplasm composed of cells normally found in bone marrow
synoviosarcoma
malignant neoplasm arising in the synovial membrane of the joints and synovial cells of bursae and tendons
carpal tunnel syndrome
median nerve is squeezed by a wrist ligament that basses between that ligment and the bone and tendons of the wrist.
numbness/burning pain
systemic lupys erythematosus
collagen CT throughout the body becomes inflamed
arthralgia
generalized pain of the joints
pyrexia
fever
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune reaction again joint tissues, especially synovial membranes
ankylosis
immobility/fixation of a joint
gout
defect in the metabolism of uric acid
osteoarthritis
degeneration of articular cartilage, changes in synovial membrane, hypertrophy of bones and proliferation of bone spurs
exostosis
bone spurs
bunion
abnormal enlargement of the base of the big toe
scoliosis
lateral curve of the spine
lordois
bending forward of the the lumbar spine
kyphosis
increased convexity of the thoracic spine
spondylosis
abnormal condition of the spine
spondylarthritis
arthritis in the spine
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammatory disease that causes a fusion of the spine
ankyl/o
crooked or stiff
spondylolithesis
partial forward dislocaiton of 1 vertebra over the one beneath it
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal with attendant pain
spina bifida
cogenital fissure of the vertebral column
sciatica
pain radiating down the hip
herniated disc
protrusion of the central part of he disk that lies between vertebra, resulting in the compression of the spinal cord and pain
