MedTerm - module 4 Flashcards
integumentary system
skin and accessory organs - hair, nails, glands
epidermis
thin outer, avascular layer
dermis
deeper, dense layer of connective tissue. contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, muscle fibers, hair follicles, and sweat and sebaceous gland
epi-
on, upon, or over
subcutaneous
a spongy, porous layer with a rich blood supply and a wealth of fat-producing cells
sub-
under
cutane/o
skin
-ous
pertaining to
cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
skin
dermatology
study of the skin
dermatologist
specialist of the skin
hyperdermic
below the dermis
epidermal
something is on or over the skin
intra-
within
intradermal
within the skin
per-
through
percutaneous
a drug or disease agent delivered or spreading though the skin
transdermal
administration of an agent or drug through the skin
keratin
hard, water repellent protein
keratinized cells
horny cells
kerat/o
horny tissue, or hard
keratogenic
condition originating in horny tissue
melanocytes
specialized cells distributed throughout the basal layer of the epidermis that contains black pigment melanin
melanin
black pigment
subcutaneus tissue anchors the dermis and the epidermis to the
underlying muscle and bone
lipocytes
fat cells
hair
outgrowth of flexible, keratinized fibers from the skin
tich/o
hair
lunula
site of nail growth
onych/o, ungu/o
nail
ungual
pertaining to the nails
sebaceous glands secrete
sebum
sebum
oily substance that helps to lubricate the skin and hair
seb/o
sebum
perspiration from? helps?
produced by the sweat gland and helps to regulate body temp through evaporation
hidr/o
sweat
contact dermatitis
allergic reaction that can lead to an acute or chronic inflammation of the skin
lesion
any visible change in body tissue cause by injury or disease; sores, wounds, ulcers and tumors
primary lesion
arise from normal skin as a result of an injury or pathologic process
secondary lesion
erosion
papule
small, solid, raised skin lesion that is less than 1cm in diameter
nodule
larger papule, small, palpable knot-like mass
vesicles
tiny blisters; primary lesion. small, circumcised elevation on the skin that contains serous fluid
pruritus
itching
bulla
vesicle larger than 1cm in diameter
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
eczema
inflammatory condition of the skin. breakdown of the epidermis
pustule
small, elevated, superficial lesion. contain pus. result of infection and inflammation of a hair follicle or sweat pore
pus
purulent material
macule
flat, circumscribed area or discoloration on the surface of the skin. freckles and flat moles
wheal
irregularly shaped, solid elevation of the skin. red or pale.
allergen
a substance to which a person develops a hypersensitivity
allergy
hypersensitivity to a substance
fissure
crack-like lesion of the skin
petechia
reddish-purplish pinpoint spot that appears on the skin as a result of intradermal hemorrhaging caused by injury, inflammatiion or the spontaneous leakage of blood from fragile vessel walls
ecchymosis
small, flat, purple, or blue discoloration
purpura
group of bleeding disorders and to the lesion that develop
erythroderma
abnormally red skin
erythema
red skin
xanthoderma/jaundice
yellow skin
leukodermal/vitiligo
white skin
albin/o
white
albinism
inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes caused by an abnormality in melanin production
pallor
temporary paleness
alopecia
absence or loss of hair from areas where it normally grows, especially from the scalp
urticaria
eruption of edematous wheals with pruritus as a prominent symptom
edema
puffy swelling from fluid accumulation
ulcer
crater-like sore that results from deterioration infection, or a malignancy
pressure ulcer/ decubitus ulcer
bed sore
cellulitus
infectious disorder that leads to redness, swelling and fever
hidradenitis
inflammation of the sweat glands
acne
a skin disorder seen in 80% of adolescents. obstruction of pores
comedone
inflamed sebum plug
abscess
localized collection of pus, beginning similarly to a blocked comedone forms an abscess
rosacea
chronic inflammatory disorder that also produces erythema, papules, pustules and broken blood vessels. usually on the face
herpes xoster
painful inflammed blisters. most common viruses
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
herpes type virus that usually crops up when the immune system is compromised
tinea
ring worm
impetigo
inflammatory, purulent and contagios infection caused by staphylococci and staphylococcus
staphyl/p
grapelike clusters
-coccus
berry-shaped
strept/o
twisted chain
macules
small, flat discolorations
carbuncle
cluster of boils
MRSA infection
invasion by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. resistant to antibiotics
dermat/o
skin
coni/o
dust
-osis
condition
dermatoconiosis
skin condition caused by dust
xeroderma
dry skin
xer/o
dry
seborrhea
excessive discharge of sebum
-rrhea
flow or discharge
diaphoresis
excessive sweating
onychomycosis
abnormal condition of fungus in the nails that is seen more and more with use of artificial nails
myc/o
fungus
trichomycosis
abnormal fungal condition of the hair
onychomalacia
softening of the nail
-malacia
softening
onychocryptosis
abnormal condition of the hidden nails
crypt/o
hidden
paronychia
diseased state around the nail, particularly in the soft tissue that surround the nail border
para-
beside
-ia
abnormal condition or diseased state
candidiasis
fungal infection. caused by a yeast-like fungus and can infect the skin, mouth or vagina
scabies
contagious dermatitis caused by the scabies itch mites penetration into the stratum corneum. papular itch rash
pediculosis
an invasion into the skin and hair by lice
necrosis
tissue death
necr/o
death
gangrene
bacterial invasion and the subsequent decomposition of necrotic tissue
psoriasis
chronic inflammatory skin disorder in which thick, scaly lesions form because of an excessive epithelial growth rate
pachyderma
thickening of the skin
pachy-
thick or heavy
scleroderma
hardening of the skin
scler/o
hard
Systemic lupus erythematosus
chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue. butterfly rash
first degree burn (sunburn)
epidermis only
second degree burn (partial thickness)
epidermis and dermis
third degree burn (full thickness)
all layers injured
neoplasms
abnormal growths
actinic keratosis
precancerous lesion, caused by excessive sun exposure
corn
smooth, thick mass that develops from the epidermis of the feet and toes. caused by constant friction and pressure
callus
grow on the weight bearing areas of the feet and on the palmar surface of the hands
verruca/warts
benign tumor of the epidermal layer of the skin. circumscribed, elevated, firm papule caused by a papillomavirus
keloid
lesion that arises from an overgrowth of collagenous scar tissue at the site of a wound
cicatrix
scar tissue that develops during the process of normal healing
leukoplakia
type of lesion that has a tendency to become cancerous. thick, white patches on the tongue
nevus
mole, circumscribed malformation of the skin. usually brown, black, or flesh colored
congenital nevus
present at birth. birthmark
dysplastic
potentially cancerous. any change in color, size or texture
melanoma
tumor originates in the skin and is composed of melanocytes
melanocytes
cells that produce the pigment melanin
kaposi sarcoma
formerly rare cutaneous malignancy that is now frequently seen in association of AIDS
AIDS
characterized by reddish-purple or brown papules that initially appear on the lower extremities and gradually spread to the upper body, metastasizing to the lymph nodes and organs
squamous cell carcinoma
cutanwou malignancy that arises from the squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis
basal cell carcinoma
fair skinned people. basal cell layer of the epidermis and are usually reddish, hard, elevated lesions
aspiration biopsy
suctioning tissue from a fluid filled lesion through a fine needle into a syringe
needle biopsy
removing living skin cells by rotating a hollow needle within underlying cellular layers
punch biopsy
remove the core of the abnormal tissue when excision of the entire lesion is not possible
shave biopsy
incising the lesion with a cut that is parallel to the skin
abrasion
scraping away of skin
dermabrasion
surgical procedure for removing scars
chemabrasion
chemical abrasion, application of chemicals that remove surface layers of skin cells
cryosurgery
application of subfreezing liquid nitrogen to destroy the lesion
cry/o
cold
cautery
destruction of tissue with hot or cold
cauter/o
heat or burn
onychectomy
excision of the nail or part of the nail
-ectomy
excision or surgical removal
debridement
removal of damaged tissue and depris
dermatoplasty
surgical repair of the skin
-plasty
surgical repair
dermatoautoplasty
use of patients owns skin to repair
autograft
self
dermatoheteroplasty
uses skin from others
heter/o
other
allograft
using skin from another for a skin craft
rhytidectomy
excision of wrinkles
rhytid/o
wrinkles
rhytidoplasty
surgical repair of wrinkles
dermatome
instrument used to cut the skin
-tome
cutting instrument
Mohs Surgery
a microscopically controlled excision of the malignancy
