Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AS Chemistry > Medincine: Esterfication & Carboxylic Acids > Flashcards

Medincine: Esterfication & Carboxylic Acids Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Between molecules ( only ) does hydrogen bonding occur

A

H-O
H-N
H-F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the trend of solubility of alcohol is in the water

A

Solubility in water decreases as length of the carbon chain increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why does solubility of alcohols in water decrease as the length of the of the carbon chain increases

A

increase the carbon chain = increases the proportion of the part of the molecule that cannot take part in hydrogen bonding

Eg. CH3 OH
CH3CH2 OH

( only OH takes part in hydrogen bonding )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of a primary alcohol

A

Carbon with OH is connected to 1 other carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Example of a primary alcohol

and draw

A

Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definition of a secondary alcohol

A

Carbon with OH is connected to 2 other carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Example of a secondary alcohol

and draw

A

Propan-2-ol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Definition of a tertiary alcohol

A

Carbon with OH is connected to 3 other carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Example of a tertiary alcohol and draw

A

2-methyl propan-2-ol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can alcohols be oxidised to

A

Carbonyl group C=O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the possible products of oxidation of alcohols depending on the alcohol you start with

A

Aldehyde
Carboxylic acid
Ketone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the oxidising agent for oxidation of alcohols

A

Acidified potassium chromate (VII) solution ( K2 Cr2 O7 / H+(aq) )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the product on oxidation with potassium chromate solution and a primary alcohol and by what process is the product formed

A 
Carboxylic acid ( reflux & Xs [O]
Aldehyde ( distillation )

Eg.
1. ethanol —-> ( reflux & Xs [O] ) ethanoic acid

  1. ethanol —-> ( distillation [O] ) ethanal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the product and oxidation with potassium cream made to solution and a secondary alcohol and by what process is the product formed formed

A

Ketone ( reflux )

Eg.

Propan-2-ol —> ( reflux & Xs [O] ) propanone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the product and oxidation with potassium cream made to solution and a tertiary alcohol and by what process is the product formed

A

Do not oxidise

Therefore no products formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the sign used for an oxidising agent

A

[O]

17
Q

What is the original colour of potassium chromate solution before any reaction

A

Orange

18
Q

What is the colour change in the oxidation of a primary alcohol with potassium chromate solution

A

Orange —> green

19
Q

What is the colour change in the oxidation of a secondary alcohol with potassium chromate solution

A

Orange —> green

20
Q

What is the colour change in the oxidation of a tertiary alcohol with potassium chromate solution

A

Orange —> Orange

21
Q

What is the functional group of an aldehyde and give an example

A

H-C=O

Eg. Ethanal

22
Q

What is the functional group of a key tone and give an example

A

C=O

Eg. Propanone

23
Q

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid

A

O=C-OH

(cooh )

Eg. ethanoic acid

24
Q

What is the functional group of an acid anhydride

A

O=C-O-C=O

Eg. Ethanoic anhydride

25
Q

What is special about functional group acid anhydride

A

It is symmetrical and when reacted with acid ( H+ ) Forms to carboxylic acid functional groups

26
Q

What is the functional group of esters and give an example

A

O=C-O
( coo )

Eg. Methyl propanoate

27
Q

What is the functional group of ethos and give an example

A

-O-

Eg. Meth -oxy- ethane

28
Q

Definition of an elimination or dehydration reaction

A

A reaction where a small molecule is removed from a larger molecule leaving and unsaturated molecule

29
Q

What are the conditions required for an elimination or dehydration reaction

A 
Heated alumina ( Al2 O3 )
300°C

Or

Reflux
Concentrated sulphuric acid ( H2 SO4 )

30
Q

What is the product of alcohol is undergoing elimination or dehydration

A

Alcohols —> alkene + water

31
Q

What two products are formed from the dehydration of butan-2-ol

A
  • But-1-ene ( if loose OH & H on C1)
  • But-2-ene ( it loose OH & H on C3 )

Look at notes for more clarification

32
Q

What two ways can an eater be formed

A
  1. Alcohol + carboxylic acid

2. Alcohol + acid anhydride

33
Q

How can an Ester be formed from the reaction of an alcohol and carboxylic acid and give reaction equation

A

Reflux with concentrated H2 SO4 / HCl

Alcohol + carboxylic acid Ester + water

34
Q

What is the rule for naming esters formed from the reaction of an alcohol and carboxylic acid

A

Alcohol =yl
Carboxylic acid = oate

Eg. Methanol + ethanoic acid methYL ethanOATE

35
Q

How can an eater be formed from the reaction of an alcohol and acid anhydride

A

Gentle warming because acid anhydride is very reactive

Eg.

Alcohol + acid anhydride —> Ester + carboxylic acid

AS Chemistry (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions