Developing Fuels: Intro to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Definition of hydrocarbon
Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon
Definition of aliphatic
Carbons atoms are linked together in chains
Definition of aromatic/ arene
Unsaturated ring of carbons
Eg. Glucose
Definition if saturated
Contains single bonds only
Eg. Alkanes
Definition of unsaturated
Contains a carbon carbon double / triple bond ( C=C )
Definition of functional group
A group of atoms responsible for the reactivity of a compound
Definition of homologous series
A series of compounds with the same functional group/ chemical properties
Each successive member differing by CH2
General formula for alkanes
Cn H2n+2
General formula of cycloalkanes
Cn H2n
General formula of alkenes
Cn H2n
General formula of alcohols
Cn H2n+1 OH
Definition of molecular formula
actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule eg. C2H4( ethene)
Definition of structural formula
shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups. eg. CH2CH2 (ethene)
Definition of full structural formula ( displayed formula )
shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them
Definition of skeletal formula
Shows carbon to carbon bonds only through the use of zig zag lines
Definition of general formula
algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds eg. CnH2n ( alkenes)
How to remember prefix for no. Carbon atoms up to 4
Monkeys
Eat
Peeled
Bananas
Monkeys
Eat
Peeled
Bananas
(No. Carbon atoms- prefix names )
- Meth
- Eth
- Prop
- But
No. of carbon atoms prefix names 5-10
- Pent
- Hex
- Hept
- Oct
- Non
- Dec
What are sub substituents derived from alkanes called
Alkyl groups
Eg. CH3 = methyl
CH3 CH2 = ethyl
Rules for naming alkanes and cycloalkanes
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Rules for naming alkenes
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