Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AS Chemistry > Developing Fuels : Trouble with emissions / Other fuels > Flashcards

Developing Fuels : Trouble with emissions / Other fuels Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Is diesel sustainable

A

No; crude oil is running out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Benefits of diesel (2)

A
  1. Less CO2 produced than from a petrol engine

2. Already sold at petrol stations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risks of diesel (2)

A
  1. Produces more NOx and particulates than a petrol engine

2. Particulates can irritate lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is LPG / autogas sustainable

A

No; crude oil is running out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benefits of LPG / autogas (2)

A
  1. Less CO, CO2, CxHy & NOx than from a petrol engine

2. Petrol engines easily converted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Risks of LPG / autogas

A

Needs to be stored under pressure so that it is a liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is ethanol sustainable

A

Possibly not

- large amounts of energy needed for cultivating sugar cane for fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Benefits of ethanol (4)

A
  1. Less CO, SO2 & NOx than from a car engine
  2. Has a high-octane number
  3. Sugar cane absorbs CO2 in growth
  4. Carbon neutral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Disadvantages of ethanol (2)

A
  1. Energy to distribute the ethanol could come from fossil fuels producing CO2
  2. Land used to grow crops fro fermentation could be used for food production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Risks of ethanol (2)

A
  1. Highly flammable

2. Too volatile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Are biodiesel / green diesel / biogas sustainable

A

Can be made from waste plant and animal oils & fats = renewable

But fossil fuels may be used as energy source in production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Benefits biodiesel / green diesel / biogas (4)

A
  1. Living things have absorbed CO2
  2. Biodegradable
  3. Less CO, CxHy, SO2 & particulates than from a Diesel engine
  4. Biodegradable if split
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Disadvantages of biodiesel / green diesel / biogas

A

More NOx than conventional fossil fuels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Risks of biodiesel / green diesel / biogas

A

NOx emissions higher than a Diesel engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is hydrogen sustainable

A

Only if the electricity needed for electrolysis of water is from a renewable source such as solar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Benefits of hydrogen (4)

A
  1. Water is the only product of combustion
  2. Can be stored and pumped through pipes
  3. Can be used in internal engines or fuel cells to generate electricity
  4. No CO, CO2 or hydrocarbons
17
Q

Disadvantages of hydrogen (3)

A
  1. Source of electrolysis must be renewable
  2. Less energy per gram than petrol
  3. Oxides of nitrogen are produced when used in internal combustion engine
18
Q

Risks of hydrogen (2)

A
  1. Highly flammable

2. High-pressure fuel tank needed to store it as a liquid

19
Q

How is carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) formed

A

Complete combustion of C in fuel

20
Q

Potential problems of carbon dioxide (CO2)

A

Green house gasses leading to global warming

21
Q

Ways to reduce the problems of carbon dioxide (CO2 )

A

Burn less fossil fuel

22
Q

How is carbon monoxide ( CO ) formed

A

Incomplete combustion of C in fuel

23
Q

Problems of carbon monoxide (CO )

A

Toxic

24
Q

Ways to reduce the problems of carbon monoxide (CO)

A

Catalytic converters oxidise CO to CO2

25
Q

How is Carbon ( soot ) formed

A

Incomplete combustion of C in fuel

26
Q

Problems of carbon ( soot )

A

Penetrate human body to cause lung cancer and heart attacks

27
Q

How to reduce the problems of carbon ( soot )

A

Ensure there is a good supply of air/ oxygen when burned

28
Q

How is sulphur dioxide ( SO2 ) formed

A

Oxidation of sulphur impurities in fuels

29
Q

Problems of sulphur dioxide ( SO2 )

A

Acid rain

30
Q

Ways to reduce the problems of sulphur dioxide ( SO2 )

A

Remove sulphur from fuel = desulphurisation

31
Q

How are nitrogen oxides ( NOx ) formed

A

Reaction of N2 in air with O2 in air at very high temperatures ( often in engines of furnaces )

32
Q

Problems of nitrogen oxides ( NOx )

A

Acid rain

33
Q

Ways to reduce the problems of nitrogen oxides (NOx )

A

Catalytic converter reduces NO to N2

34
Q

How are unburned fuels formed

A

Not all fuel burns

35
Q

Problems of unburned fuels

A
  1. Wastes fuel
  2. Harmful
  3. Green house gas form photochemical smog
36
Q

Ways to reduce the problems of unbend fuels

A

Provide excess oxygen

AS Chemistry (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions