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Eng 12AP/CC > Medieval Literature > Flashcards

Medieval Literature Flashcards

1
Q

October 14, 1066

A
  • Norman Conquest of England, led by Duke of Normandy (later became English norman king, William I called the Conqueror)
  • Met forces of last Saxon king, Harold
  • Battle of Hastings
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2
Q

Last Saxon King

A

King Harold

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3
Q

Norman

A
  • Means “northman,” people were another branch of Scandinavian peoples (dated back to 787)
  • Collectively, (Danes, Vikings, Swedes, Normans) controlled northern regions
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4
Q

Norman Regions

A
  • Southern Italy and Sicily

- Contended for control of Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem during Crusades

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5
Q

911

A

Normans acquire Normandy and begin to intermingle with French

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6
Q

Nobility and Language

A

-10% of English affected by new owners, William evicted English nobility
-Norman French became official court tongue,
Latin remained spoken/written of church, English remained for people

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7
Q

French Words

A
  • King John lost continental lands (including Normandy) in battle with French king in 1204
  • English began to be spoken by all
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8
Q

Normans “Anglified”

A
  • William improved government

- Domesday Book

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9
Q

Domesday Book of 1086

A
  • First census throughout medieval Europe

- Purpose was to tax

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10
Q

“Little Twelfth-Century Renaissance”

A
  • Increasing prosperity in England during eleventh century

- Bologna founded (Europe’s first university)

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11
Q

Geoffrey of Monmouth

A
  • Welsh clergyman educated at Oxford

- Wrote legend of King Arthur, tragic hero

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12
Q

Celts vs. English

A

-English continued to fight Celtic until eleventh century

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13
Q

Tragic Heroism

A

-Triumphs over insurmountable odds (differs with Old English acceptance of death)

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14
Q

Le Morte Darthur

A

-Written by Sir Thomas Malory, developed entire English drama

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15
Q

Chivalry

A
  • From “cheval,” horse (knights)
  • “Courtly love,” attached to Arthurian romance
  • Introduced by Eleanor of Aquitaine
  • Concedes that marriage is political matter, grants that women have right to love and be loved (contained strict guiding rules)
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16
Q

Eleanor of Aquitaine

A
  • Married by French King and then English King
  • With daughter, wrote book called “The Art of Courtly Love” (Andreas Capellanus helped)
  • Challenged English husband (Henry II) to seize crown
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17
Q

Troubadours

A

-Traveling singers that took up chivalry theme

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18
Q

Great Plague of 1348

A

-1/3 dead, Renaissance stopped in its tracks

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19
Q

Hundred Years War

A

-England tried and failed to reclaim French possessions

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20
Q

War of the Roses

A

-Quarrel about royal succession, resulted in English civil war

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21
Q

Peasants

A
  • During medieval period, began to gain self-awareness

- Sang ballads and lyrics

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22
Q

Magna Carta of 1215

A

-Forced King to grant barons more privileges, first parliament formation in 1265

23
Q

Lollard Movement

A
  • Radical religious doctrine founded by John Wyclif

- Surfaced in Puritan revolution of 17th century

24
Q

Peasant Revolutions:

  • 1381
  • 1450
A
  • 1381: Led by Wat Tyler, revolutions

- 1450: Jack Cade

25
Q

Cycle of Plays/Morality Plays

A
  • Performed annually on Corpus Christi day, focused on common life, familiar religious stories
  • Made up of a short play with few characters (based on different elements of Christian story
  • Secular instruction, characters are vices/virtues
26
Q

Wakefield Master

A

-Wrote “The Second Shepherd’s Play,” secular mischief and comedy

27
Q

“The Canterbury Tales”

A
  • Geoffrey Chaucer

- Sacred and secular, pilgrims reflect wide span of society, details function symbolically

28
Q

Sir Thomas Malory

A
  • Embodiment of Middle English sensibility
  • Combines universality with populist qualities
  • Imprisoned, sided with York, and wrote “Le Morte Darthur”
29
Q

Stratford (big cities)

A

-Fairs, entertainment, touring companies

30
Q

William Caxton

A

-England’s first printer

31
Q

William I

A
  • (1) The Conqueror

- Died 1087, took over Normandy in 1066

32
Q

William II

A
  • (2) 1087-1100

- Ruthless, unpopular, killed by arrow while hunting

33
Q

Henry I (1100-1135)

A
  • (3) Fourth son of William I
  • Took throne, strengthened bonds between Normandy and English
  • 20 illegitimate children, rule to daughter (Matilda)
34
Q

1154

A

-Plantagenets

35
Q 
Henry II (1154-1189)
Plantagenet
A
  • (4) Matilda’s son, marries Eleanor of Aquitaine
  • Fights French king
  • Has Thomas of Beckett murdered (Henry wanted reform)
  • Probs with King Philip (French)
  • Divides kingdom for sons (Richard and John)
36
Q

John (1199-1216)

Plantagenet

A
  • (5) Richard’s legitimate son

- Wrote Magna Carta under duress of Barons

37
Q 
Henry III (1216-1272)
Plantagenet
A
  • (6) John’s son

- Participated in Crusades, fought barons against Magna Carta

38
Q 
Edward I (1272-1307)
Plantagenet
A
  • (7) Crusader, known for legal reforms
  • Raised taxes, conquered Wales, implemented government
  • Tried to conquer Scotland
  • Married Eleanor, no illegitimate kiddos
  • Established temporary peace with France (married French princess in 1299)
39
Q 
Edward II (1307-1327)
Plantagenet
A
  • (8) Known for sexual liaisons

- Married Isabella (French), Isabella overthrew Edward with Roger and acted as regent

40
Q 
Edward III (1327-1377)
Plantagenet
A
  • (9) Led coo against mother, declared to French throne
  • Start of “Hundred Years War”
  • Developed Parliament, House of Lords/Commons, added title of Duke and Duchess
  • Bilingual, French and Anglo
41
Q 
Richard II (1377-1399)
Plantagenet
A
  • (10) Edward II’s grandson, king at age 10
  • Kingdom led by John of Gaunt (uncle, acting as regent)
  • Suppresses peasant revolt started by poll tax
  • Uprising against lords, disinherits John’s son (Henry)
42
Q

1399-1461

A

Lancasters

43
Q 
Henry IV (1399-1461)
Lancaster
A

-(11) Defended self from Plantagenets

44
Q 
Henry V (1413-1422)
Lancaster
A
  • (12) Battle of Agencourt (1415) is victory
  • Introduced longbow, establishes treaty with France by marrying French princess
  • Sea-commanding skills
45
Q 
Henry VI (1422-1461)
Lancaster
A
  • (13) King as child, uncle regent until 1423
  • Only king to rule England twice (1422-1461, 1470-1471)
  • Pious, wanted peace with France
  • War of Roses began (breakdown, Margaret/Henry exiled by Yorks)
46
Q

1461-1485

A

Yorks

47
Q

Edward IV

Yorks

A
  • (14) Rules in peace (not France)
  • Main supporter of Caxton, invented printing press
  • Revolution in literacy, facilitates cheaper material, requires spelling systemization
48
Q 
Edward V (1483)
Yorks
A

-(15) Takes throne at 12 in 1483, imprisoned by Richard III

49
Q 
Richard III (1483-1485)
Yorks
A
  • (16) Civil War
  • Led by Edward’s supporters, Henry Tudor
  • Richard killed in war (last king to be killed like that)
50
Q

1485-1509

A

Tudors

51
Q

Henry VII

A
  • (17) Distant relative of Yorks, exiled and returned to take throne
  • Marries sister of Edward II
  • Amasses large fortune
  • Rules England until end of Middle Ages
52
Q

Crusades (1096-1270)

A

-Christian knights died for religious beliefs and captured Jerusalem

53
Q

7 Deadly Sins

A
  1. Lechery (lust)
  2. Pride
  3. Gluttony
  4. Sloth
  5. Envy
  6. Wrath
  7. Greed

Eng 12AP/CC (30 decks)

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