Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Medicine / Drugs / Vaccines > Flashcards

Medicine / Drugs / Vaccines Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

do painkillers effect viruses

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why can’t antiseptics and disinfectants be used in bacteria inside the body

A

they are too poisonous for the inside of the body it would kill you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how do antibiotics work

A

antibiotics work by killing bacteria that causes disease without harming our own cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the quickest way to get antibiotics to take effect

A

injecting them into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how are drugs made from plants

A

drugs are extracted from plants or microorganisms and scientists adapt them into drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

give 3 examples of plants / microorganisms and the drugs they produce

A

digoxin extracted from foxglove

aspirin extracted from willow bark

penicillin extracted from penicillium mould

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the drug digoxin used for

A

strengthens heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the drug aspirin used for

A

it relieves pain and inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the drug penicillin used for

A

it cures bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define vaccination

A

a dead or inactive form of a pathogen that stimulates the immune system but is unable to cause harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name the two ways vaccinations can be administered

A

orally

subcutaneously (through skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is it uncommon for drugs to be administered orally

A

it is possible vaccinations can be destroyed by hydrochloric acid in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do vaccinations do

A

they stimulate an immune response which means white blood cells make antibodies as the vaccination is recognised as foreign by lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does immunity mean in terms of vaccination

A

the body can produce antibodies much faster via memory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the first step of an immune response after first exposure to a disease

A

complementary lymphocytes produce antigens that are complimentary to antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the second step of an immune response after the first exposure

A

antibodies decrease and memory cells left behind

17
Q

after the first exposure is taken care of, do the antibody levels drop to zero

A

no

18
Q

what happens to antibodies after the second exposure

A

antibody levels increase more rapidly to kill pathogens before symptoms are noticeable

19
Q

define herd immunity

A

when. a large enough proportion of a population is vaccinated which makes it difficult for a pathogen to be spread

20
Q

why is here immunity good with a high proportion of population vaccinated

A

the greater the pot option if individuals who are vaccinated , the smaller the probability that a susceptible person will come in contact with pathogen

21
Q

how do bacterial diseases spread

A

the bacteria multiplied rapidly inside our bodies and release toxins that damage tissues

22
Q

give two examples of bacterial diseases

A 
food poisoning (salmonella)
gonorrhoea
23
Q

give 3 symptoms of salmonella

A

fever
abdominal cramps
vomiting

24
Q

how to prevent spread of food poisoning (2)

A

cook meat thoroughly

don’t put raw and prepared food on the same surface

25
Q

give 3 symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

pain in urination

infertility

thick yellow discharge coming from genitals

26
Q

how to prevent the spread of gonorrhoea (2)

A

treat with antibiotics

contraception

27
Q

how do viruses spread using organelles

A

cells absorb the virus which takes over organelle and releases its genetic info into our DNA to be replicated
then uses cell membrane to disguise itself and spreads to other cells

28
Q

what are protists

A

single called organisms that grow on and contaminate food; can be parasites

29
Q

give an example of a disease caused by a protist

A

malaria

30
Q

define vector

A

organism that carries disease from place to place

31
Q

what is the first step in contracting malaria

A

an infected mosquito (vector) bites and infects human with protist

32
Q

what is the second step in contracting malaria

A

the protists infect human liver cells which burst and release more protists

33
Q

what is the third step in contracting malaria

A

protists infect red blood cells and divide asexually (mitosis) which burst and release more protists

34
Q

what is the fourth step in contracting malaria

A

mosquito bites infected person and picks up protists

35
Q

what is the fifth step in contracting malaria

A

the protists reproduces sexually in mosquito and the cycle restarts

36
Q

why do protists affect humans but not mosquitos

A

because the protists reproduce sexually in mosquitoes which doesn’t cause cell damage ; mosquitoes also don’t have livers

37
Q

give two reasons why it is useful to understand the cycle of a vector/ pathogen

A

to control the spread of disease

eliminate the disease

Biology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions