Medicine / Drugs / Vaccines

Question 1

do painkillers effect viruses

Answer 1

no

Question 2

why can’t antiseptics and disinfectants be used in bacteria inside the body

Answer 2

they are too poisonous for the inside of the body it would kill you

Question 3

how do antibiotics work

Answer 3

antibiotics work by killing bacteria that causes disease without harming our own cells

Question 4

what is the quickest way to get antibiotics to take effect

Answer 4

injecting them into the bloodstream

Question 5

how are drugs made from plants

Answer 5

drugs are extracted from plants or microorganisms and scientists adapt them into drugs

Question 6

give 3 examples of plants / microorganisms and the drugs they produce

Answer 6

digoxin extracted from foxglove

aspirin extracted from willow bark

penicillin extracted from penicillium mould

Question 7

what is the drug digoxin used for

Answer 7

strengthens heartbeat

Question 8

what is the drug aspirin used for

Answer 8

it relieves pain and inflammation

Question 9

what is the drug penicillin used for

Answer 9

it cures bacterial infections

Question 10

define vaccination

Answer 10

a dead or inactive form of a pathogen that stimulates the immune system but is unable to cause harm

Question 11

name the two ways vaccinations can be administered

Answer 11

orally

subcutaneously (through skin)

Question 12

why is it uncommon for drugs to be administered orally

Answer 12

it is possible vaccinations can be destroyed by hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Question 13

what do vaccinations do

Answer 13

they stimulate an immune response which means white blood cells make antibodies as the vaccination is recognised as foreign by lymphocytes

Question 14

what does immunity mean in terms of vaccination

Answer 14

the body can produce antibodies much faster via memory cells

Question 15

what is the first step of an immune response after first exposure to a disease

Answer 15

complementary lymphocytes produce antigens that are complimentary to antigens

Question 16

what is the second step of an immune response after the first exposure

Answer 16

antibodies decrease and memory cells left behind

Question 17

after the first exposure is taken care of, do the antibody levels drop to zero

Answer 17

no

Question 18

what happens to antibodies after the second exposure

Answer 18

antibody levels increase more rapidly to kill pathogens before symptoms are noticeable

Question 19

define herd immunity

Answer 19

when. a large enough proportion of a population is vaccinated which makes it difficult for a pathogen to be spread

Question 20

why is here immunity good with a high proportion of population vaccinated

Answer 20

the greater the pot option if individuals who are vaccinated , the smaller the probability that a susceptible person will come in contact with pathogen

Question 21

how do bacterial diseases spread

Answer 21

the bacteria multiplied rapidly inside our bodies and release toxins that damage tissues

Question 22

give two examples of bacterial diseases

Answer 22

food poisoning (salmonella)
gonorrhoea

Question 23

give 3 symptoms of salmonella

Answer 23

fever
abdominal cramps
vomiting

Question 24

how to prevent spread of food poisoning (2)

Answer 24

cook meat thoroughly

don’t put raw and prepared food on the same surface

Question 25

give 3 symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 25

pain in urination infertility thick yellow discharge coming from genitals

Question 26

how to prevent the spread of gonorrhoea (2)

Answer 26

treat with antibiotics | contraception

Question 27

how do viruses spread using organelles

Answer 27

cells absorb the virus which takes over organelle and releases its genetic info into our DNA to be replicated then uses cell membrane to disguise itself and spreads to other cells

Question 28

what are protists

Answer 28

single called organisms that grow on and contaminate food; can be parasites

Question 29

give an example of a disease caused by a protist

Answer 29

malaria

Question 30

define vector

Answer 30

organism that carries disease from place to place

Question 31

what is the first step in contracting malaria

Answer 31

an infected mosquito (vector) bites and infects human with protist

Question 32

what is the second step in contracting malaria

Answer 32

the protists infect human liver cells which burst and release more protists

Question 33

what is the third step in contracting malaria

Answer 33

protists infect red blood cells and divide asexually (mitosis) which burst and release more protists

Question 34

what is the fourth step in contracting malaria

Answer 34

mosquito bites infected person and picks up protists

Question 35

what is the fifth step in contracting malaria

Answer 35

the protists reproduces sexually in mosquito and the cycle restarts

Question 36

why do protists affect humans but not mosquitos

Answer 36

because the protists reproduce sexually in mosquitoes which doesn’t cause cell damage ; mosquitoes also don’t have livers

Question 37

give two reasons why it is useful to understand the cycle of a vector/ pathogen

Answer 37

to control the spread of disease | eliminate the disease