Diffusion/ Active Transport/ Osmosis Flashcards
define diffusion
the process of particles moving from an are of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium , it is a passive process down the concentration gradient
give 3 factors that affect diffusion
temperature
surface area
concentration gradient
how does temperature affect diffusion
heat energy transfers into kinetic energy which increases movement / collisions in the particles which increases the rate of diffusion
how does surface area affect diffusion
a large surface area increases the rate of diffusion as it increases the concentration gradient
how does the concentration gradient affect diffusion
a steep concentration gradient increases diffusion while a low concentration gradient decreases
define active transport
the movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration against the concentration gradient
where does the energy for active transport come from
respiration in mitochondria
where can active transport be found in plants
when mineral ions are absorbed from the soil into the plants by root hair cells
where is active transport seen in animals
glucose molecules being absorbed from the gut into the blood for respiration
how are the walls of the small intestine adapted to help diffusion (3)
thin walls, 1 cell thick
large surface area due to folding
lots of capillaries to maintain
concentration gradient
define osmosis
the movement of water from a more concentrated solute solution to a more dilute solution through a partially permeable membrane
define solute
dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
define solvent
the liquid that solids dissolve in eg sea water
define solution
mixture formed when solute dissolves in solvent
where does the water move to and from
water moves from a high concentration of water / solvent to a low concentration of water molecules / solvent
