Homeostasis 2 Flashcards
1
Q
what are chromosomes made of
A
DNA
2
Q
where are chromosomes found
A
in the nucleus
3
Q
what is a genome
A
the entire genetic material of an organism
4
Q
what makes up a nucleotide
A
phosphate
a base
deoxyribose
5
Q
how many bases are needed to make 1 amino acid
A
3
6
Q
what does a chain of amino acids make
A
a protein
7
Q
give 5 things the human genome project allows us to do
A
identify genes linked to diseases diagnose inherited disorders trace human migration patterns understanding human evolution/ancestry treatment of inherited disorders/ gene therapy
8
Q
what does meiosis lead to
A
genetic variation in offspring
9
Q
what is sexual reproduction
A
two parents with genetically different offspring, fusion of gametes
10
Q
what is asexual reproduction
A
one parent with genetically identical offspring, no mix of genetic info
11
Q
give 3 advantages of sexual reproduction
A
- produced genetic variation in offspring
- if environment changes variation gives survival advantage by natural selection
- can produce many offspring so high survival chance
12
Q
give 4 advantages of asexual reproduction
A
- only one parent needed
- more time and energy efficient as no need to find mate/ be pollinated
- many genetically identical offspring can be produced when conditions are favourable
- successful traits can be passed on
13
Q
describe the process of mitosis (4)
A
- chromosomes replicate themselves
- chromosomes like up in centre of cell
- chromosomes pulled to opposite poles
- cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells
14
Q
describe the process of meiosis (5)
A
- chromosomes replicate themselves
- chromosomes like up at centre of cell
- chromosomes pulled to opposite poles
- cell divided into two genetically identical daughter cells
- cell divides again and four genetically different gametes are formed
