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pharmacology > Medications & Adverse Reactions > Flashcards

Medications & Adverse Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Nausea | Upper abdominal pain | Skin rash | Itching | Loss of appetite | An OD can cause hepatotoxicity

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2
Q

AcetaZOLAMIDE (Diamox, Diamox Sequels)

A

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance | Metabolic acidosis | Seizures | N/V | Anorexia | Orthostatic hypotension

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3
Q

Acetic Acid (Vinegar)

A

Skin irritation | Sensitivity | Stinging sensation

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4
Q

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst, Acetadote)

A

Urticaria | Flushing | Rash | Itching | Angioedema | N/V | Bronchospasm | Wheezing | Respiratory distress | Tachycardia | Hypotension

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5
Q

Activated charcoal

A

Emesis (if apsirated from emesis or misplaced NG tube, can induce a fatal form of pneumonitis) | Constipation | Black stools | Diarrhea | Bowel obstruction

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6
Q

Adenosine (Adenocard)

A

Generally transient and of short duration | Flushing, sweating, dizziness, nervousness, paresthesia, hypotension, feeling of impending doom, severe bronchospasm | A brief period of most any dysrhythmia (like asystole) can occur during pharmacologic conversion

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7
Q

Albumin (Albumarc, Albutein, Flexbumin)

A

N/V | Itching/hives | Abdominal pain | Angioedema | Dysrhythmias | Bronchospasm

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8
Q

Albuterol

A

Often dose-related: Tremors, headaches, nervousness, dizziness, dysrhythmias, chest discomfort, palpitations, N/V, and dry mouth

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9
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone)

A

Hypotension | Heart failure | Worsening of dysrhythmias | Prolonged QT interval | Bradycardia | AV block | Dizziness | Fatigue | Cough | Progressive dyspnea | N/V | Burning at the IV site | Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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10
Q

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)

A

Anaphylaxis | Bronchospasm/wheezing in allergic patients | GI bleeding | Epigastric distress | N/V | Heartburn | Reye syndrome

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11
Q

Atropine sulfate

A

Drowsiness | Confusion | Headache | Palpitations | Dysrhythmias | N/V | Pupil dilation | Dry mouth/nose/skin | Blurred vision | Urinary retention | Constipation | Flushed, hot, dry skin

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12
Q

Benzocaine Spray (Hurricane)

A

Signs of methemoglobinemia (include pale, gray- or blue-coloured skin, lips, and nail beds) | Headache, light-headedness, shortness of breath | Anxiety, fatigue, and tachycardia

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13
Q

Bumetanide (Bumex)

A

Dehydration | Dizziness | Headache | Hypotension | ECG changes due to electrolyte depletion | N/V | Itching (in pts w/ liver disease) | Fatigue

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14
Q

Calcium chloride

A

Syncope | Bradycardia | Asystole | Hypotension | N/V | Metallic taste with rapid injection | Tissue necrosis at injection site | Coronary and cerebral artery spasm

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15
Q

Calcium gluconate

A

Syncope | Cardiac arrest | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Asystole | Peripheral vasodilation | Hypotension | N/V | Metallic taste | Tissue necrosis at injection site | Coronary and cerebral artery spasm

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16
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

Headache | Dizziness | Diarrhea | Muscle aches | Skin rashes | Fatigue

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17
Q

Hetastarch (Hespan)

A

N/V | Mild febrile reactions | Chills, itching, urticaria | Rare severe anaphylactic reactions have been reported

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18
Q

Plasma Protein Fraction (Plasmanate)

A

Chills, fever, hives, N/V

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19
Q

0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline)

A

Rare with therapeutic dosages

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20
Q

0.45% Sodium Chloride

A

Rare with therapeutic dosages

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21
Q

Lactated Ringer Solution (Hartmann Solution)

A

Rare with therapeutic dosages

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22
Q

3% Sodium Chloride (Hypertonic Saline)

A

Increases sodium levels | Seizures | Neurologic deficits

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23
Q

5% Dextrose in 0.45% Sodium Chloride

A

Rare with therapeutic dosages

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24
Q

5% Dextrose in 0.9% Sodium Chloride

A

Rare with therapeutic dosages

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25
Q

5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer Solution

A

Rare with therapeutic dosages

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26
Q

Total Parenteral Nutrition

A

Vary based on the specific mixture

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27
Q

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Decadron)

A

Headache | Restlessness | Nervousness | Increased appetite | Insomnia | Sodium and water retention | None from a single dose

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28
Q

Dextran

A

Rash, itching, dyspnea, chest tightness, mild hypotension | Incidence is very low, and reactions are generally mild | Increased bleeding time has also been reported due to the interference of dextran with platelet function

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29
Q

Bacteriostatic Water

A

None noted if used according to the manufacturer’s recommendations

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30
Q

5% Dextrose in Water

A

Rare with therapeutic doses

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31
Q

10% Dextrose in Water

A

Rare with therapeutic doses

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32
Q

Dextrose

A

Cerebral hemorrhage | Cerebral ischemia | Warmth, pain, burning, or phlebitis from IV infusion

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33
Q

Diazepam (Valium, Diastate, AcuDial)

A

Dizziness | Drowsiness | Confusion | Headache | Respiratory depression | Hiccups | Hypotension | Reflex tachycardia | N/V | Muscle weakness | Ataxia | Thrombosis | Phlebitis

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34
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

N/V | anorexia (early sign of toxicity) | fatigue | headache |blurred yellow or green vision | seizures | confusion | dysrhythmias | skin rash

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35
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor, Diltiaz)

A

Dizziness | Weakness | Headache | Dyspnea | Dysrhythmias including cardiac arrest | Heart failure | Peripheral edema | Hypotension | Syncope | Chest pain | N/V | Dry mouth

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36
Q

DiphenhydrAMINE HCl (Benadryl)

A

Drowsiness | Sedation | Seizures | Dizziness | Headache | Blurred vision | Wheezing | Thickening of bronchial secretions | Palpitations | Hypotension | Dysrhythmias | Dry mouth | Diarrhea | N/V | Hallucinations, confusion, and paradoxical CNS excitation can occur in children

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37
Q

DOBUTamine Hydrochloride (Dobutrex)

A

Headache | Dyspnea | Tachycardia | Hypertension | Chest pain | Dysrhythmias | N/V

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38
Q

DOPamine Hydrochloride (Intropin)

A

Headache | Anxiety | Dyspnea | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Hypertension | Palpitations | Chest pain | N/V

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39
Q

Droperidol (Inaspine)

A

QT interval prolongation | VT | TdP | Cardiac arrest | Mild to moderate hypotension | Hypertension | Tachycardia | Dizziness | Drowsiness | Restlessness | Anxiety | Dysphoria | Hyperactivity | Hallucinations | Extrapyramidal symptoms (from extended use)

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40
Q

EPINEPHrine

A

Nervousness | Restlessness | Headache | Tremor | Dysrhythmias | Chest pain | Increased myocardial oxygen demand | Hypertension | Palpitations | Nausea/vomiting

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41
Q

Etomidate (Amidate)

A

Apnea of short duration | Respiratory depression | Hypoventilation | Hyperventilation | Nystagmus | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Hypertension | N/V | Transient involuntary skeletal muscle movement | Pain at injection site

42
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

Constipation | Diarrhea | Rhabdomyolysis | Seizures | Pneumonia | Agitation | Vomiting | Headache | Dizziness | Vitamin B12 deficiency | Prolonged QT interval | Confusion, hallucinations, disorientation, agitation, and seizures in older adults

43
Q

FentanNYL Citrate (Sublimaze)

A

Confusion | Paradoxical excitation | Delirium | Drowsiness | CNS depression | Sedation | Respiratory depression | Apnea/dyspnea | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Syncope | N/V | abdominal pain | Dehydration/fatigue

44
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Dizziness | Headache | EKG chances | Blurred vision | orthostatic hypotension | dysrhythmias | N/V | diarrhea | dry mouth | may exacerbate hypovolemia and hypokalemia, tinnitus, hyperglycemia (due to hemoconcentration)

45
Q

Glucagon (GlucaGen)

A

Dizziness/headache | Hypotension | Tachycardia | N/V | Rebound hypoglycemia

46
Q

Glucose, oral

A

N/V

47
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol)

A

Seizures | Sedation | Confusion | Restlessness | Extrapyramidal reactions | Dystonia | Respiratory depression | Hypotension/orthostatic hypotension | Tachycardia | Constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, drooling, blurred vision | Risk of QT interval prolongation, TdP, and sudden death from off-label IV administration of higher than the recommended dose

48
Q

Helium Gas Mixture (Heliox)

A

May reduce the effectiveness of coughing

49
Q

HydrALAZINE (Apresoline)

A

Headache, nausea, flushing, hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, dizziness, and angina | Paresthesia, numbness, and tingling

50
Q

Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Colu-Cortef)

A

Headache | Vertigo | Heart failure | Hypertension | Fluid retention | Nausea

51
Q

HYRDROmorphone (Dilaudid)

A

Dizziness/headache | Drowsiness/weakness | Hypotension | Syncope | Apnea

52
Q

Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit)

A

Hypertension | Allergic reactions | GI bleeding | Nausea/vomiting | Dyspepsia | Dyspnea | Dizziness/headache | Injection site reactions

53
Q

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

A

Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, restless sleep | Thirst/sweating | Tingling or numbness in hands and feet | Tinnitus | Blurred vision and eye irritation | Fluid retention | Nausea/vomiting | Frequent urination

54
Q

Insulin

A

Weakness | fatigue | confusion | headache | seizure | coma | tachycardia | nausea | hypokalemia | hypoglycemia | diaphoresis | itching | swelling | redness

55
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)

A

Headache/dizziness | Nervousness | Tremor | Dyspnea | Worsening COPD symptoms | Hypertension | Tachycardia | Palpitations | Flushing | MI | Dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, GI distress

56
Q

Isopropyl Alcohol

A

None in adults noted

57
Q

Ketamine (Ketalar)

A

Hypertension | Hallucinations | Nausea/vomiting | Nystagmus | Bronchodilation | Tachycardia | Increased secretions | Hypersalivation | Laryngospasm | Respiratory depression | Mild to moderate elevations in BP and heart rate

58
Q

Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol)

A

Drowsiness | Dizziness/headache | Sedation | Bronchospasm | Dyspnea | Edema | Vasodilation | Hypotension/hypertension | GI bleeding | Diarrhea | Dyspepsia | Nausea

59
Q

Levalbuterol (Xopenex)

A

Headache, anxiety, dizziness, restlessness | Hallucinations | Throat irritation | Tachycardia | Hypertension/hypotension | Dysrhythmias | Angina | N/V | Dyspepsia | Tremors | Hypokalemia | Hyperglycemia

60
Q

Lidocaine HCl (Xylocaine)

A

Drowsiness | Confusion | Seizures | Slurred speech | Hypotension | Dysrhythmias | Cardiac arrest | Nausea/vomiting

61
Q

LORazepam (Ativan)

A

Dizziness | Drowsiness | CNS depression | Apnea | Hypotension | Bradycardia

62
Q

Magnesium sulfate

A

Drowsiness | CNS depression | Respiratory depression/tract paralysis | Vasodilation | Possible hypotension and bradycardia with rapid administration | Decreased deep tendon reflexes

63
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

A

Headache, confusion, blurred vision | Tachycardia | Chest pain | Heart failure | Hypotension/hypertension | Hypokalemia/hyperkalemia | Hyponatremia/hypernatremia | N/V | Masking or worsening dehydration | Rebound increases in ICE | Injection site reaction

64
Q

Meperidine Hydrochloride (Demerol)

A

Seizures | Confusion | Sedation | Headache | Hallucinations | Increased ICP | Respiratory depression | Apnea | Hypotension/orthostatic hypotension | Syncope | Dysrhythmias | Nausea/vomiting | Constipation | Sweating

65
Q

MethylPREDNISolone Sodium Succinate (Solu-Medrol)

A

Depression | Euphoria | Headache | Restlessness | Seizure | Nausea/vomiting | Peptic ulcer | Fluid retention | Hypernatremia | Hyperkalemia

66
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Nausea/vomiting | Headache | Fatigue | Rash | Dystonic reaction | Confusion | AV block | Bradycardia | Hallucinations | Laryngospasm

67
Q

Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed)

A

Headache | Somnolence | Respiratory depression/arrest | Hypotension | Cardiac arrest | Nausea/vomiting | Pain at the injection site

68
Q

Milrinone (Primacor)

A

Headache | N/V | Hypotension | Hypokalemia | Bronchospasm | SVT | Ventricular dysrhythmias |

69
Q

Morphine sulfate (Roxanol, MS Contin)

A

Confusion | Sedation | Headache | CNS depression | Respiratory depression | Apnea | Bronchospasm | Dyspnea | Hypotension/orthostatic hypotension | Syncope | Bradycardia | Tachycardia | Nausea/vomiting | Dry mouth

70
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan, EVZIO)

A

Restlessness | Seizures | Dyspnea | Pulmonary edema | Hypertension/hypotension with rapid administration | Dysrhythmias | Diaphoresis | N/V | Withdrawal symptoms in opioid-addicted patients

71
Q

NIFEdipine (Procardia, Adalat, Nifedical)

A

Headache/dizziness | Nervousness | Weakness | Mood changes | Dyspnea | Cough/wheezing | Heart failure | MI | Ventricular dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Syncope | Nausea, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea

72
Q

Nitroglycerin (NGT)

A

Headache | Dizziness | Weakness | Reflex tachycardia | Syncope | Hypotension | N/V | Dry mouth | Muscle twitching | Diaphoresis

73
Q

Nitroprusside (Nitropress)

A

Confusion | Restlessness | Flushing | Dizziness | Headache | Palpitations | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Methemoglobinemia | Cerebrovasodilation leading to increased ICP

74
Q

Nitrous oxide 50:50 (Nitronox)

A

Light-headedness | Headache | Dizziness | Confusion | N/V | Hallucination

75
Q

Norepinephrine Bitartrate (Levophed, Levarterenol)

A

Headache | Anxiety, dizziness, restlessness, dyspnea | Hypertension, dysrhythmias, chest pain, peripheral cyanosis, cardiac arrest | Nausea/vomiting | Urinary retention, renal failure | Tissues necrosis from extravasation | Decreased blood flow to the GI tract, kidneys, skeletal muscle, and skin

76
Q

Ondansetron (Sandostatin)

A

Nausea/vomiting | Bloating | Dizziness | Headache | Dysrhythmias | Pain and irritation at the injection site

77
Q

Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

A

Drowsiness | Dry mouth | Difficulty speaking | Slurred speech | Unsteady gait | Headache | Depression | Insomnia | Extrapyramidal symptoms (dose-dependent)

78
Q

Onansetron Hydrochloride (Zofran, Zuplenz)

A

Headache | Malaise | Syncope | Wheezing | Bronchospasm | Dysrhythmias | EKG changed | Palpitations | Constipation | Diarrhea | Hives/skin rash | Serotonin syndrome

79
Q

Oxygen

A

Decreased level of consciousness | Decreased respiratory drive in patients with COPD | Dry mucous membranes

80
Q

Oxymetazoline (Afrin, Dristan 12-hours, Vicks Sinus-12hours)

A

Rebound nasal congestion | Nasal mucosa irritation

81
Q

Oxytocin (Pitocin)

A

Coma | Seizures | Anxiety | Hypotension | Dysrhythmias | N/V | Anaphylaxis | Painful uterine contractions | Electrolyte disturbances | Maternal intracranial hemorrhage

82
Q

Pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon)

A

Bronchospasm | Angioedema | Hypotension | Edema | Tachycardia | Flushing | Weakness | Hypersalivation | Itching/hives | Prolonged neuromuscular block | Risk of respiratory depression due to relaxation of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm

83
Q

Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

A

Tremors | Palpitations | Hypertension

84
Q

Potassium Iodide (Pima Syrup, SSKI, ThyroSafe, ThyroShield)

A

Skin rash | Salivary gland swelling | Iodism

85
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam)

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, neuromuscular blockage, seizure, laryngospasm, hyperventilation, apnea, tachycardia, cardiac arrest, nausea, muscle rigidity/weakness, rash, pain at injection site | Especially in geriatric patients, excessive doses may cause severe systolic and diastolic hypertension, neuromuscular weakness, headache, tachycardia, and visual impairment | An overdose may cause profound neuromuscular weakness and subsequent respiratory depression in children

86
Q

Procainamide Hydrochloride (Pronestyl)

A

Can induce or worsen cardiac dysrhythmias | Anorexia | N/V | Confusion | Seizures | Severe hypotension | Widening of PR, QRS, and QT intervals

87
Q

Prochlorperazine (Compazine)

A

Drowsiness | Dizziness | Headache | Blurred vision | Tachycardia | Hypotension | Prolonged QT interval | Extrapyramidal symptoms

88
Q

Promethazine Hydrochloride (Phenergan)

A

Headache | Dizziness | Drowsiness | Confusion | Restlessness | Wheezing | Chest tightness | Thickening of bronchial secretions | Palpitations |Bradycardia | Reflex tachycardia | QT prolongation | Postural hypotension | Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

89
Q

Proparacaine Opthalmic (Alcaine, Ophthaine)

A

Temporary stinging, burning, and conjunctival redness

90
Q

Propofol (Diprivan)

A

Seizure | Apnea | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension/hypertension | Rash/itching | Injection site reactions | Involuntary muscle movement

91
Q

Rocuronium Bromide (Zemuron)

A

transient hypotension and HTN | dose-related tacycardia | N/V | injection site edema | hiccups | itching | wheexing | residual muscle weakness

92
Q

Sildenafil (Revatio, Viagra)

A

Headache | Nasal congestion | Flushing | Epistaxis | Erythema | Diarrhea | Skin rash | Tinnitus

93
Q

Sodium bicarbonate

A

Electrolyte imbalance, heart failure, and pulmonary edema | Tremors, twitching, and seizures caused by alkalosis

94
Q

Sodium thiosulfate (Nithiodote)

A

Diarrhea

95
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine)

A

Apnea | Respiratory depression | Dysrhythmias | Cardiac arrest | Excessive salivation | Prolonged muscle rigidity | Rhabdomyolysis | Malignant hyperthermia | Hyperkalemia | Increased intracranial, intraocular, and intragastric pressure

96
Q

Tadalfil (Cialis, Adcirca)

A

Headache | Nasal congestion | Back pain | Flushing | Epistaxis | Erythema | Diarrhea | Skin rash | Tinnitus

97
Q

Tetracaine Opthalmic Solution (Pontocaine)

A

Blurry vision | Transient stinging, burning, and conjunctival redness

98
Q

Thaimine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)

A

Vasodilation | Hypotension | Weakness | Sweating | Itching | Hives | Nausea | Feeling of warmth

99
Q

Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron, Lysteda)

A

Fatigue | Headache | Dizziness | Abdominal and back pain | Joint pain | Musculoskeletal pain | Anemia | Rapid infusion may cause hypotension | May increase the risk of thromboembolic disorders

100
Q

Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron)

A

Hypersensitivity reactions associated with histamine release | Itching | Weakness | Prolonged neuromuscular blockade | Excessive salivation

101
Q

Verapamil Hydrochloride (Isoptin, Calan)

A

Dizziness, headache, dysrhythmias, nausea/vomiting | Can decrease myocardial contractility

102
Q

Ziprasidone (Geodon)

A

Dizziness | Headache | Extrapyramidal symptoms | Orthostatic hypotension | Suicide attempt | Bradycardia | Prolonged QT interval

pharmacology (9 decks)

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