Medications & Adverse Reactions Flashcards
1
Q
Acetaminophen
A
Nausea | Upper abdominal pain | Skin rash | Itching | Loss of appetite | An OD can cause hepatotoxicity
2
Q
AcetaZOLAMIDE (Diamox, Diamox Sequels)
A
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance | Metabolic acidosis | Seizures | N/V | Anorexia | Orthostatic hypotension
3
Q
Acetic Acid (Vinegar)
A
Skin irritation | Sensitivity | Stinging sensation
4
Q
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst, Acetadote)
A
Urticaria | Flushing | Rash | Itching | Angioedema | N/V | Bronchospasm | Wheezing | Respiratory distress | Tachycardia | Hypotension
5
Q
Activated charcoal
A
Emesis (if apsirated from emesis or misplaced NG tube, can induce a fatal form of pneumonitis) | Constipation | Black stools | Diarrhea | Bowel obstruction
6
Q
Adenosine (Adenocard)
A
Generally transient and of short duration | Flushing, sweating, dizziness, nervousness, paresthesia, hypotension, feeling of impending doom, severe bronchospasm | A brief period of most any dysrhythmia (like asystole) can occur during pharmacologic conversion
7
Q
Albumin (Albumarc, Albutein, Flexbumin)
A
N/V | Itching/hives | Abdominal pain | Angioedema | Dysrhythmias | Bronchospasm
8
Q
Albuterol
A
Often dose-related: Tremors, headaches, nervousness, dizziness, dysrhythmias, chest discomfort, palpitations, N/V, and dry mouth
9
Q
Amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone)
A
Hypotension | Heart failure | Worsening of dysrhythmias | Prolonged QT interval | Bradycardia | AV block | Dizziness | Fatigue | Cough | Progressive dyspnea | N/V | Burning at the IV site | Stevens-Johnson syndrome
10
Q
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
A
Anaphylaxis | Bronchospasm/wheezing in allergic patients | GI bleeding | Epigastric distress | N/V | Heartburn | Reye syndrome
11
Q
Atropine sulfate
A
Drowsiness | Confusion | Headache | Palpitations | Dysrhythmias | N/V | Pupil dilation | Dry mouth/nose/skin | Blurred vision | Urinary retention | Constipation | Flushed, hot, dry skin
12
Q
Benzocaine Spray (Hurricane)
A
Signs of methemoglobinemia (include pale, gray- or blue-coloured skin, lips, and nail beds) | Headache, light-headedness, shortness of breath | Anxiety, fatigue, and tachycardia
13
Q
Bumetanide (Bumex)
A
Dehydration | Dizziness | Headache | Hypotension | ECG changes due to electrolyte depletion | N/V | Itching (in pts w/ liver disease) | Fatigue
14
Q
Calcium chloride
A
Syncope | Bradycardia | Asystole | Hypotension | N/V | Metallic taste with rapid injection | Tissue necrosis at injection site | Coronary and cerebral artery spasm
15
Q
Calcium gluconate
A
Syncope | Cardiac arrest | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Asystole | Peripheral vasodilation | Hypotension | N/V | Metallic taste | Tissue necrosis at injection site | Coronary and cerebral artery spasm
16
Q
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
A
Headache | Dizziness | Diarrhea | Muscle aches | Skin rashes | Fatigue
17
Q
Hetastarch (Hespan)
A
N/V | Mild febrile reactions | Chills, itching, urticaria | Rare severe anaphylactic reactions have been reported
18
Q
Plasma Protein Fraction (Plasmanate)
A
Chills, fever, hives, N/V
19
Q
0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline)
A
Rare with therapeutic dosages
20
Q
0.45% Sodium Chloride
A
Rare with therapeutic dosages
21
Q
Lactated Ringer Solution (Hartmann Solution)
A
Rare with therapeutic dosages
22
Q
3% Sodium Chloride (Hypertonic Saline)
A
Increases sodium levels | Seizures | Neurologic deficits
23
Q
5% Dextrose in 0.45% Sodium Chloride
A
Rare with therapeutic dosages
24
Q
5% Dextrose in 0.9% Sodium Chloride
A
Rare with therapeutic dosages
25
5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer Solution
Rare with therapeutic dosages
26
Total Parenteral Nutrition
Vary based on the specific mixture
27
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Decadron)
Headache | Restlessness | Nervousness | Increased appetite | Insomnia | Sodium and water retention | None from a single dose
28
Dextran
Rash, itching, dyspnea, chest tightness, mild hypotension | Incidence is very low, and reactions are generally mild | Increased bleeding time has also been reported due to the interference of dextran with platelet function
29
Bacteriostatic Water
None noted if used according to the manufacturer’s recommendations
30
5% Dextrose in Water
Rare with therapeutic doses
31
10% Dextrose in Water
Rare with therapeutic doses
32
Dextrose
Cerebral hemorrhage | Cerebral ischemia | Warmth, pain, burning, or phlebitis from IV infusion
33
Diazepam (Valium, Diastate, AcuDial)
Dizziness | Drowsiness | Confusion | Headache | Respiratory depression | Hiccups | Hypotension | Reflex tachycardia | N/V | Muscle weakness | Ataxia | Thrombosis | Phlebitis
34
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
N/V | anorexia (early sign of toxicity) | fatigue | headache |blurred yellow or green vision | seizures | confusion | dysrhythmias | skin rash
35
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor, Diltiaz)
Dizziness | Weakness | Headache | Dyspnea | Dysrhythmias including cardiac arrest | Heart failure | Peripheral edema | Hypotension | Syncope | Chest pain | N/V | Dry mouth
36
DiphenhydrAMINE HCl (Benadryl)
Drowsiness | Sedation | Seizures | Dizziness | Headache | Blurred vision | Wheezing | Thickening of bronchial secretions | Palpitations | Hypotension | Dysrhythmias | Dry mouth | Diarrhea | N/V | Hallucinations, confusion, and paradoxical CNS excitation can occur in children
37
DOBUTamine Hydrochloride (Dobutrex)
Headache | Dyspnea | Tachycardia | Hypertension | Chest pain | Dysrhythmias | N/V
38
DOPamine Hydrochloride (Intropin)
Headache | Anxiety | Dyspnea | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Hypertension | Palpitations | Chest pain | N/V
39
Droperidol (Inaspine)
QT interval prolongation | VT | TdP | Cardiac arrest | Mild to moderate hypotension | Hypertension | Tachycardia | Dizziness | Drowsiness | Restlessness | Anxiety | Dysphoria | Hyperactivity | Hallucinations | Extrapyramidal symptoms (from extended use)
40
EPINEPHrine
Nervousness | Restlessness | Headache | Tremor | Dysrhythmias | Chest pain | Increased myocardial oxygen demand | Hypertension | Palpitations | Nausea/vomiting
41
Etomidate (Amidate)
Apnea of short duration | Respiratory depression | Hypoventilation | Hyperventilation | Nystagmus | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Hypertension | N/V | Transient involuntary skeletal muscle movement | Pain at injection site
42
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Constipation | Diarrhea | Rhabdomyolysis | Seizures | Pneumonia | Agitation | Vomiting | Headache | Dizziness | Vitamin B12 deficiency | Prolonged QT interval | Confusion, hallucinations, disorientation, agitation, and seizures in older adults
43
FentanNYL Citrate (Sublimaze)
Confusion | Paradoxical excitation | Delirium | Drowsiness | CNS depression | Sedation | Respiratory depression | Apnea/dyspnea | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Syncope | N/V | abdominal pain | Dehydration/fatigue
44
Furosemide (Lasix)
Dizziness | Headache | EKG chances | Blurred vision | orthostatic hypotension | dysrhythmias | N/V | diarrhea | dry mouth | may exacerbate hypovolemia and hypokalemia, tinnitus, hyperglycemia (due to hemoconcentration)
45
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
Dizziness/headache | Hypotension | Tachycardia | N/V | Rebound hypoglycemia
46
Glucose, oral
N/V
47
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Seizures | Sedation | Confusion | Restlessness | Extrapyramidal reactions | Dystonia | Respiratory depression | Hypotension/orthostatic hypotension | Tachycardia | Constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, drooling, blurred vision | Risk of QT interval prolongation, TdP, and sudden death from off-label IV administration of higher than the recommended dose
48
Helium Gas Mixture (Heliox)
May reduce the effectiveness of coughing
49
HydrALAZINE (Apresoline)
Headache, nausea, flushing, hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, dizziness, and angina | Paresthesia, numbness, and tingling
50
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Colu-Cortef)
Headache | Vertigo | Heart failure | Hypertension | Fluid retention | Nausea
51
HYRDROmorphone (Dilaudid)
Dizziness/headache | Drowsiness/weakness | Hypotension | Syncope | Apnea
52
Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit)
Hypertension | Allergic reactions | GI bleeding | Nausea/vomiting | Dyspepsia | Dyspnea | Dizziness/headache | Injection site reactions
53
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, restless sleep | Thirst/sweating | Tingling or numbness in hands and feet | Tinnitus | Blurred vision and eye irritation | Fluid retention | Nausea/vomiting | Frequent urination
54
Insulin
Weakness | fatigue | confusion | headache | seizure | coma | tachycardia | nausea | hypokalemia | hypoglycemia | diaphoresis | itching | swelling | redness
55
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Headache/dizziness | Nervousness | Tremor | Dyspnea | Worsening COPD symptoms | Hypertension | Tachycardia | Palpitations | Flushing | MI | Dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, GI distress
56
Isopropyl Alcohol
None in adults noted
57
Ketamine (Ketalar)
Hypertension | Hallucinations | Nausea/vomiting | Nystagmus | Bronchodilation | Tachycardia | Increased secretions | Hypersalivation | Laryngospasm | Respiratory depression | Mild to moderate elevations in BP and heart rate
58
Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol)
Drowsiness | Dizziness/headache | Sedation | Bronchospasm | Dyspnea | Edema | Vasodilation | Hypotension/hypertension | GI bleeding | Diarrhea | Dyspepsia | Nausea
59
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Headache, anxiety, dizziness, restlessness | Hallucinations | Throat irritation | Tachycardia | Hypertension/hypotension | Dysrhythmias | Angina | N/V | Dyspepsia | Tremors | Hypokalemia | Hyperglycemia
60
Lidocaine HCl (Xylocaine)
Drowsiness | Confusion | Seizures | Slurred speech | Hypotension | Dysrhythmias | Cardiac arrest | Nausea/vomiting
61
LORazepam (Ativan)
Dizziness | Drowsiness | CNS depression | Apnea | Hypotension | Bradycardia
62
Magnesium sulfate
Drowsiness | CNS depression | Respiratory depression/tract paralysis | Vasodilation | Possible hypotension and bradycardia with rapid administration | Decreased deep tendon reflexes
63
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Headache, confusion, blurred vision | Tachycardia | Chest pain | Heart failure | Hypotension/hypertension | Hypokalemia/hyperkalemia | Hyponatremia/hypernatremia | N/V | Masking or worsening dehydration | Rebound increases in ICE | Injection site reaction
64
Meperidine Hydrochloride (Demerol)
Seizures | Confusion | Sedation | Headache | Hallucinations | Increased ICP | Respiratory depression | Apnea | Hypotension/orthostatic hypotension | Syncope | Dysrhythmias | Nausea/vomiting | Constipation | Sweating
65
MethylPREDNISolone Sodium Succinate (Solu-Medrol)
Depression | Euphoria | Headache | Restlessness | Seizure | Nausea/vomiting | Peptic ulcer | Fluid retention | Hypernatremia | Hyperkalemia
66
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Nausea/vomiting | Headache | Fatigue | Rash | Dystonic reaction | Confusion | AV block | Bradycardia | Hallucinations | Laryngospasm
67
Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed)
Headache | Somnolence | Respiratory depression/arrest | Hypotension | Cardiac arrest | Nausea/vomiting | Pain at the injection site
68
Milrinone (Primacor)
Headache | N/V | Hypotension | Hypokalemia | Bronchospasm | SVT | Ventricular dysrhythmias |
69
Morphine sulfate (Roxanol, MS Contin)
Confusion | Sedation | Headache | CNS depression | Respiratory depression | Apnea | Bronchospasm | Dyspnea | Hypotension/orthostatic hypotension | Syncope | Bradycardia | Tachycardia | Nausea/vomiting | Dry mouth
70
Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan, EVZIO)
Restlessness | Seizures | Dyspnea | Pulmonary edema | Hypertension/hypotension with rapid administration | Dysrhythmias | Diaphoresis | N/V | Withdrawal symptoms in opioid-addicted patients
71
NIFEdipine (Procardia, Adalat, Nifedical)
Headache/dizziness | Nervousness | Weakness | Mood changes | Dyspnea | Cough/wheezing | Heart failure | MI | Ventricular dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Syncope | Nausea, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea
72
Nitroglycerin (NGT)
Headache | Dizziness | Weakness | Reflex tachycardia | Syncope | Hypotension | N/V | Dry mouth | Muscle twitching | Diaphoresis
73
Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
Confusion | Restlessness | Flushing | Dizziness | Headache | Palpitations | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension | Methemoglobinemia | Cerebrovasodilation leading to increased ICP
74
Nitrous oxide 50:50 (Nitronox)
Light-headedness | Headache | Dizziness | Confusion | N/V | Hallucination
75
Norepinephrine Bitartrate (Levophed, Levarterenol)
Headache | Anxiety, dizziness, restlessness, dyspnea | Hypertension, dysrhythmias, chest pain, peripheral cyanosis, cardiac arrest | Nausea/vomiting | Urinary retention, renal failure | Tissues necrosis from extravasation | Decreased blood flow to the GI tract, kidneys, skeletal muscle, and skin
76
Ondansetron (Sandostatin)
Nausea/vomiting | Bloating | Dizziness | Headache | Dysrhythmias | Pain and irritation at the injection site
77
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Drowsiness | Dry mouth | Difficulty speaking | Slurred speech | Unsteady gait | Headache | Depression | Insomnia | Extrapyramidal symptoms (dose-dependent)
78
Onansetron Hydrochloride (Zofran, Zuplenz)
Headache | Malaise | Syncope | Wheezing | Bronchospasm | Dysrhythmias | EKG changed | Palpitations | Constipation | Diarrhea | Hives/skin rash | Serotonin syndrome
79
Oxygen
Decreased level of consciousness | Decreased respiratory drive in patients with COPD | Dry mucous membranes
80
Oxymetazoline (Afrin, Dristan 12-hours, Vicks Sinus-12hours)
Rebound nasal congestion | Nasal mucosa irritation
81
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
Coma | Seizures | Anxiety | Hypotension | Dysrhythmias | N/V | Anaphylaxis | Painful uterine contractions | Electrolyte disturbances | Maternal intracranial hemorrhage
82
Pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon)
Bronchospasm | Angioedema | Hypotension | Edema | Tachycardia | Flushing | Weakness | Hypersalivation | Itching/hives | Prolonged neuromuscular block | Risk of respiratory depression due to relaxation of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm
83
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Tremors | Palpitations | Hypertension
84
Potassium Iodide (Pima Syrup, SSKI, ThyroSafe, ThyroShield)
Skin rash | Salivary gland swelling | Iodism
85
Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam)
Dizziness, drowsiness, headache, neuromuscular blockage, seizure, laryngospasm, hyperventilation, apnea, tachycardia, cardiac arrest, nausea, muscle rigidity/weakness, rash, pain at injection site | Especially in geriatric patients, excessive doses may cause severe systolic and diastolic hypertension, neuromuscular weakness, headache, tachycardia, and visual impairment | An overdose may cause profound neuromuscular weakness and subsequent respiratory depression in children
86
Procainamide Hydrochloride (Pronestyl)
Can induce or worsen cardiac dysrhythmias | Anorexia | N/V | Confusion | Seizures | Severe hypotension | Widening of PR, QRS, and QT intervals
87
Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
Drowsiness | Dizziness | Headache | Blurred vision | Tachycardia | Hypotension | Prolonged QT interval | Extrapyramidal symptoms
88
Promethazine Hydrochloride (Phenergan)
Headache | Dizziness | Drowsiness | Confusion | Restlessness | Wheezing | Chest tightness | Thickening of bronchial secretions | Palpitations |Bradycardia | Reflex tachycardia | QT prolongation | Postural hypotension | Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
89
Proparacaine Opthalmic (Alcaine, Ophthaine)
Temporary stinging, burning, and conjunctival redness
90
Propofol (Diprivan)
Seizure | Apnea | Dysrhythmias | Hypotension/hypertension | Rash/itching | Injection site reactions | Involuntary muscle movement
91
Rocuronium Bromide (Zemuron)
transient hypotension and HTN | dose-related tacycardia | N/V | injection site edema | hiccups | itching | wheexing | residual muscle weakness
92
Sildenafil (Revatio, Viagra)
Headache | Nasal congestion | Flushing | Epistaxis | Erythema | Diarrhea | Skin rash | Tinnitus
93
Sodium bicarbonate
Electrolyte imbalance, heart failure, and pulmonary edema | Tremors, twitching, and seizures caused by alkalosis
94
Sodium thiosulfate (Nithiodote)
Diarrhea
95
Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine)
Apnea | Respiratory depression | Dysrhythmias | Cardiac arrest | Excessive salivation | Prolonged muscle rigidity | Rhabdomyolysis | Malignant hyperthermia | Hyperkalemia | Increased intracranial, intraocular, and intragastric pressure
96
Tadalfil (Cialis, Adcirca)
Headache | Nasal congestion | Back pain | Flushing | Epistaxis | Erythema | Diarrhea | Skin rash | Tinnitus
97
Tetracaine Opthalmic Solution (Pontocaine)
Blurry vision | Transient stinging, burning, and conjunctival redness
98
Thaimine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)
Vasodilation | Hypotension | Weakness | Sweating | Itching | Hives | Nausea | Feeling of warmth
99
Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron, Lysteda)
Fatigue | Headache | Dizziness | Abdominal and back pain | Joint pain | Musculoskeletal pain | Anemia | Rapid infusion may cause hypotension | May increase the risk of thromboembolic disorders
100
Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron)
Hypersensitivity reactions associated with histamine release | Itching | Weakness | Prolonged neuromuscular blockade | Excessive salivation
101
Verapamil Hydrochloride (Isoptin, Calan)
Dizziness, headache, dysrhythmias, nausea/vomiting | Can decrease myocardial contractility
102
Ziprasidone (Geodon)
Dizziness | Headache | Extrapyramidal symptoms | Orthostatic hypotension | Suicide attempt | Bradycardia | Prolonged QT interval
