Medication & Type + Mechanism Flashcards
if you wanted to be tested on class and mechanism of action at the same time
Acetaminophen
Type/Class of Med: Nonopioid analgesic, Antipyretic
Mechanism of Action: May work peripherally to block pain impulse generation and inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS
AcetaZOLAMIDE (Diamox, Diamox Sequels)
Type/Class of Med: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, Diuretic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits hydrogen ion excretion in the renal tubules, increasing sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and water excertion and producing alkaline diuresis
Acetic Acid (Vinegar)
Type/Class of Med: Otic anti-infective, Irrigating solution
Mechanism of Action: Provides an acidic medium during irrigation of the ear that minimizes bacterial and fungal promulgation | Stabilizes nematocyst discharge in jellyfish found outside the United States, which would decrease the pain
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst, Acetadote)
Type/Class of Med: Acetaminophen antidote
Mechanism of Action: Restores glutathione concentrations within the liver; Glutathione, an antioxidant, has many actions in the body, including detoxifying substances
Activated charcoal
Type/Class of Med: Adsorbent, Antidote
Mechanism of Action: Adsorbs ingested toxic substances from the GI tract
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Type/Class of Med: Antidysrhythmic
Mechanism of Action: Short-acting drug that slows conduction through the AV node; Restore sinus rhythm in patients with SVT and Terminates regular tachycardias caused by reentrant AV nodal pathways
Albumin (Albumarc, Albutein, Flexbumin)
Type/Class of Med: Colloid, Blood modifier agent, Volume expander
Mechanism of Action: Oncotically similar to human plasma; Causes the body to shift approximately 3.5 times the amount administered into the intravascular space
Albuterol
Type/Class of Med: Sympathomimetic, Bronchodilator, Short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist
Mechanism of Action: Selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist that causes bronchia smooth muscle relaxation and inhibits mediator release from mast cells
Amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone)
Type/Class of Med: Antidysrhythmic (Class III)
Mechanism of Action: Blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels; Prolongs the action potential’s duration and Delays repolarization; Decreases AV conduction and sinoatrial (SA) node function
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
Type/Class of Med: Platelet inhibitor, NSAID, Anti-inflammatory agent
Mechanism of Action: Prevents thromboxane A2 formation to prevent platelet aggregation and plug formations | Has antipyretic and analgesic properties
Atropine sulfate
Type/Class of Med: Anticholinergic agent
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites | Increases heart rate in symptomatic bradydysrhythmias | Reverses muscarinic effects of cholinergic poisoning
Benzocaine Spray (Hurricane)
Type/Class of Med: Topical anesthetic
Mechanism of Action: Prevents impulse transmission along sensory nerve fibers and at nerve endings
Bumetanide (Bumex)
Type/Class of Med: Loop dieuretic
Mechanism of Action: A potent loop diuretic with a rapid onset and short duration of action | Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Calcium chloride
Type/Class of Med: Electrolyte
Mechanism of Action: Mineral component of bones and teeth; Cofactor in enzymatic reactions and affects the secretory activity of endocrine and exocrine glands; Essential for neurotransmission, blood clotting, and contraction of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles
Calcium gluconate
Type/Class of Med: Electrolyte
Mechanism of Action: Mineral component of bones and teeth; Cofactor in enzymatic reactions and affects the secretory activity of endocrine and exocrine glands; Essential for neurotransmission, blood clotting, and contraction of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Type/Class of Med: Antiulcer, H2 blocker
Mechanism of Action: Blocks the effects of histamine at H2 receptors of gastric parietal cells, leading to a reduction of gastric acid volumn and gastric aciditiy
Hetastarch (Hespan)
Type/Class of Med: Artificial colloid
Mechanism of Action: A starch-containing colloid used as an intravascular volume expander | Following administration, the plasma volume is expanded slightly more than the volume of Hetastarch; this effect has been overved for up to 24 to 36 hours | Hetastarch increases intravascular volume by virtue of its colloid osmotic pressure
Plasma Protein Fraction (Plasmanate)
Type/Class of Med: Natural colloid
Mechanism of Action: Protein-containing colloid that remains in the intravascular compartment | Increases intravascular volume by attracting water from other fluid compartments by virtue of its colloid osmotic pressure
0.9% Sodium Chloride (Normal Saline)
Type/Class of Med: Isotonic crystalloid solution
Mechanism of Action: Replaces water and electrolytes
0.45% Sodium Chloride
Type/Class of Med: Hypotonic crystalloid solution
Mechanism of Action: Replaces water and electrolytes
Lactated Ringer Solution (Hartmann Solution)
Type/Class of Med: Isotonic crystalloid solution
Mechanism of Action: Replaces water and electrolytes
3% Sodium Chloride (Hypertonic Saline)
Type/Class of Med: Hypertonic crystalloid solution
Mechanism of Action: Osmotic effect allows fluid to cross the blood-brain barrier, reducing the amount of fluid in the cranial cavity and decreasing the ICP
5% Dextrose in 0.45% Sodium Chloride
Type/Class of Med: Hypertonic dextrose-containing crystalloid solution
Mechanism of Action: Replaces free water and electrolytes and provides nutrients in the form of dextrose
5% Dextrose in 0.9% Sodium Chloride
Type/Class of Med: Hypertonic dextrose-containing crystalloid solution
Mechanism of Action: Replaces free water and electrolytes and provides nutrients in the form of dextrose
5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer Solution
Type/Class of Med: Hypertonic dextrose-containing crystalloid solution
Mechanism of Action: Replaces free water and electrolytes and provides nutrients in the form of dextrose
Total Parenteral Nutrition
Type/Class of Med: Electrolyte, Nutrition
Mechanism of Action: Replenishes electrolyte and nutrients
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Decadron)
Type/Class of Med: Coricosteroid, Adrenal glucocorticoid, Anti-inflammatory agent
Mechanism of Action: Suppresses acute and chronic inflammation; Immunosuppressive effects
Dextran
Type/Class of Med: Artificial colloid
Mechanism of Action: A sugar-containing colloid used as an intravascular volume expander | Remains in the intravascular compartment for approximately 12 hours | Increases intravascular volume by attracting water from other fluid compartments by virtue of its colloid osmotic pressure
Bacteriostatic Water
Type/Class of Med: Diluent or Solvent
Mechanism of Action: Works as a solvent or dilutional agent
5% Dextrose in Water
Type/Class of Med: Hypotonic dextrose-containing solution
Mechanism of Action: Provides nutrients in the form of dextrose as well as free water
10% Dextrose in Water
Type/Class of Med: Hypertonic dextrose-containing solution
Mechanism of Action: Provides nutrients in the form of dextrose as well as free water
Dextrose
Type/Class of Med: Carbohydrate, Glucose-elevating agent
Mechanism of Action: Rapidly increases serum glucose levels | Short-term osmotic diuresis
Diazepam (Valium, Diastate, AcuDial)
Type/Class of Med: Benzodiazepine, Anticonvulsant, Anxiolytic, Sedative, Skeletal muscle relaxant ; Schedule IV drug
Mechanism of Action: Appears to act on part of the limbic system, as well as on the thalamus and hypothalamus, to induce a calming effect; Inhibits GABA receptors in the CNS, reducing neuron excitability; Raises the seizure threshold; and Induces amnesia and sedation
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Type/Class of Med: Inotropic agent, Cardiac glycoside, Antidysrhythmic
Mechanism of Action: (not listed per textbook)
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor, Diltiaz)
Type/Class of Med: Calcium channel blocker, Antidysrhythmic (Class IV), Antianginal agent
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits extracellular calcium ion influx across membranes of myocardial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle coontraction and therby dilating the main coronary and sestemic arteries | No effect on serum calcium concentrations | Substantial inhibitory effects on the cardiac conduction system, acting principally at the AV node, w/ some effects at the SA node | Less-negative inotropic effects than verapamil
DiphenhydrAMINE HCl (Benadryl)
Type/Class of Med: Antihistamine (H1 blocker)
Mechanism of Action: Blocks H1 receptors in the respiratory tract, blood vessels, and GI smooth muscle | Reverses extrapyramidal reactions
DOBUTamine Hydrochloride (Dobutrex)
Type/Class of Med: Adrenergic, Inotropic agent
Mechanism of Action: Synthetic catecholamine that primarily simulates beta-1 receptors with minor stimulation of beta-2 and alpha-1 receptors | Increases myocardial contractility and stroke volume, resulting in increased cardiac output w/ modest chronotropic effects | Increases renal blood flow secondary to increased cardiac output
DOPamine Hydrochloride (Intropin)
Type/Class of Med: Endogenous catecholamine, Adrenergic, Vasopressor, Inotropic agent
Mechanism of Action: Immediate metabolic precursor to norepinephrine (and dose-depandent effects w/ alpha adrenergic, beta adrenergic, and dompaminergic)| Doses of 1 to 2 mcg/kg/min simulate dopamine receptors; causes vasodilation in the renal, mesenteric, coronary, and intracerebral vascular beds | Doses of 2 to 10 mcg/kg/min simulate beta-1 receptors; increases myocardial contractility and enhancing cardiac impulse conduction | Doses of 10 to 20 mcg/kg/min simulate alpha receptors; resulting in vasoconstriction, increased systemic vascular resistence, and increase in BP | Doses greater than 20 mcg/kg/min, alpha stimulations predominate; resultant vasoconstriction can compromise circulation in the limbs
Droperidol (Inaspine)
Type/Class of Med: Antiemetic, Antipsychotic
Mechanism of Action: Produces marked tranquilization and sedation | Reduces motor activity and anxiety | Possesses adrenergic-blocking, antifibrillatory, antihistaminic, and anticonvulsive properties
EPINEPHrine
Type/Class of Med: Sympathomimetic, Sympathetic (alpha/beta adrenergic) agonist
Mechanism of Action: Catecholamine with strong alpha adrenergic, strong beta-1, and moderate beta-2 effects | Effects of alpha stimulation result in systemic vasoconstriction, increasing perpheral vascular resistance | Effects of the beta-1 stimulation result in increases in heart rate, myocardial ocntractility, cardiac output, and myocardial oxygen demand | Effects of beta-2 stimulation result in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation | Secondary relaxation effect on the smooth muscle of the stomach, intestine, uterus, and urinary bladder
Etomidate (Amidate)
Type/Class of Med: Nonbarbiturate hypnotic, Anesthesia induction agent
Mechanism of Action: Ultra-short-acting hypnotic that produces rapid sedation with minimal cardiovascular or respiratory depression
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Type/Class of Med: Antiulcer, H2 blocker
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the volume and concentration of gastric secretions
FentanNYL Citrate (Sublimaze)
Type/Class of Med: Opioid analgesic; Synthetic opioid; Schedule II drug
Mechanism of Action: Binds to opioid receptors, producing analgesia, euphoria, respiratory depression, and sedation
Furosemide (Lasix)
Type/Class of Med: Loop dieuretic
Mechanism of Action: (not listed per textbook)
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
Type/Class of Med: Hyperglycemic agent, Pancreatic hormone, Insulin antagonist
Mechanism of Action: Increases blood glucose level by stimulating the breakdown of stored glycogen to glucose (glycogenolysis) and inhibiting thesynthesis of glycogen from glucose (glycogenesis) | Unknown mechanism of stabilizing cardiac rhythm in beta blocker overdose | Minimal positive inotropic and chronotropic responses | Decreases GI motility and secretions
Glucose, oral
Type/Class of Med: Hyperglycemic, Carbohydrate
Mechanism of Action: Increases circulating blood glucose level post GI tissue
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Type/Class of Med: Tranquilizer, Antipsychotic
Mechanism of Action: Antagonizes dopamine-1 and dopamine-2 receptors in the brain; Depresses the reticular activating system and inhibits release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones
Helium Gas Mixture (Heliox)
Type/Class of Med: Medical Gas
Mechanism of Action: Reduces airflow resistance within the bronchial tree in patients with obstructive lung disease; May reduce the work of breathing and improve pulmonary gas exchange efficiency
HydrALAZINE (Apresoline)
Type/Class of Med: Antihypertensive, Vasodilator
Mechanism of Action: Relaxes arteriolar, but not venous, smooth muscle | Thought to interefere w/ calcium movement in vascular smooth muscle, which is responsible for vasoconstriction, resulting in lower BP
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Colu-Cortef)
Type/Class of Med: Corticosteroid, Adrenal glucocorticoid
Mechanism of Action: Anti-inflammatory | Immunosuppressive with salt-retaining actions
HYRDROmorphone (Dilaudid)
Type/Class of Med: Synthetic opioid analgesic; Schedule II drug
Mechanism of Action: Opioid agonist-analgesic of opioid receptors; Inhibits ascending pain pathways; Increases the pain threshold; Produces analgesia, respiratory depression, and sedation
Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit)
Type/Class of Med: Antidote, Cyanide poisoning adjunct
Mechanism of Action: A synthetic, injectable form of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) that binds with cyanide to form nontoxic cyanocobalamin; Excreted renally
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
Type/Class of Med: NSAID, Nonopoid analgesic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, thereby reducing swelling, pain, and fever
Insulin
Type/Class of Med: Antidiabetic, Hormone
Mechanism of Action: (not listed per textbook)
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Type/Class of Med: Anticholinergic, Bronchodilator, Short-acting antimuscarinic agent
Mechanism of Action: Antagonizes the action of acetylcholine on bronchial smooth muscle
Isopropyl Alcohol
Type/Class of Med: Secondary alcohol
Mechanism of Action: Antiseptic | Antiemetic - mechanism here is unkown, but antiemetic effect bay be from possible influenced neurotransmission at several sites that activate the chemoreceptor trigger zones
Ketamine (Ketalar)
Type/Class of Med: Analgesic, General anesthetic, Dissociative anesthetic ; Schedule III drug
Mechanism of Action: Blocks pain receptors and minimizes spinal cord activity, affecting the brain’s association pathways between the thalamus and the limbic system
Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol)
Type/Class of Med: NSAID, Nonopoid analgesic
Mechanism of Action: Potent analgesic that inhabits prostaglandin synthesis; Does not have any sedative or anxiolytic properties
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
Type/Class of Med: Sympathomimetic, Bronchodilator, Short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates beta-2 receptors resulting in smooth muscle relaxation of the bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature
Lidocaine HCl (Xylocaine)
Type/Class of Med: Antidysrhythmic (Class Ib), Anesthetic
Mechanism of Action: Cardiac: Inhibits recovery after repolarization, thereby inhibiting recovery after repolarization, and decreasing myocardial excitability and conduction velocity | Local anesthetic: Inhibits ion transport across the neuronal membrane, blocking conduciton of normal nerve impulses | RSI: May decreases ICP response during laryngoscopy
LORazepam (Ativan)
Type/Class of Med: Benzodiazepine, Sedative-hypnotic, Anti-convulsant ; Schedule IV drug
Mechanism of Action: Anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and sedative effect; Suppresses propagation of seizure activity produced by foci in the cortex, thalamus, and limbic areas; Inhibits GABA receptors in the CNS, reducing neuron excitability
Magnesium sulfate
Type/Class of Med: Electrolyte, Class V antidysrhythmic
Mechanism of Action: Depresses the CNS, blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission, and produces anticonvulsant effects | Decreases the amount of acetylcholine released at the endplate by motor nerve impulses, slows the rate of SA node impulse formation in the myocardium, and prolongs conduction time | Promotes calcium, potassium, and sodium movement in and out of cells and stabilizes excitable membranes | Induces uterine relaxation | Can cause bronchodilation after beta agonists and anticholinergics have been administered
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Type/Class of Med: Osmotic diuretic
Mechanism of Action: Promotes the movement of fluid from the intracellular space to the extracellular space | Decreases cerebral edema and ICP | Promotes urinary excretion of toxins
Meperidine Hydrochloride (Demerol)
Type/Class of Med: Opioid analgesic; Synthetic opioid; Schedule II drug
Mechanism of Action: Synthetic opioid analgesic whose effects on the CNS and smooth muscle organs are similar to those of morphine; Primarily acts as an analgesic and a sedative
MethylPREDNISolone Sodium Succinate (Solu-Medrol)
Type/Class of Med: Coricosteroid, Synthetic glucocorticoid, Anti-inflammatory agent
Mechanism of Action: Highly potent synthetic glucocorticoid that suppresses acute and chronic inflammation; Potentiates vascular smooth muscle relaxation by beta adrenergic agonists; Has few to no mineralocorticoid properties
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Type/Class of Med: Antiemetic, Direct-acting cholingeric agonist, Prokinetic agent
Mechanism of Action: Blocks dopamine (at high doses) and serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zones of the CNS; Sensitizes tissues to acetylcholine; Increases upper GO motility but not secretions; Increases lower esophageal sphincter tone
Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed)
Type/Class of Med: Benzodiazepine, Anticonvulsant, Antianxiety agent, Anxiolytic, Sedative-hypnotic ; Schedule IV drug
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits GABA receptors in the CNS, thereby reducing neuron excitability and causing sedative, anxiolytic, amnesic, and hypnotic effects
Milrinone (Primacor)
Type/Class of Med: Inotrope
Mechanism of Action: Increases myocardial contractility; Has a direct dilating effect on vascular smooth muscle; Does not possess beta adrenergic properties
Morphine sulfate (Roxanol, MS Contin)
Type/Class of Med: Opioid analgesic; Schedule II drug
Mechanism of Action: Alleviates pain through CNS action | Suppresses the fear and anxiety centers in the brain | Depresses brainstorm respiratory centers | Increases peripheral venous capacitance and decreases venous return | Decreases preload and afterload, which decreases myocardial oxygen demand
Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan, EVZIO)
Type/Class of Med: Opioid antagonist, Opioid reversal agent, Antidote
Mechanism of Action: Competitive inhibition at opioid receptor sites; reverses respiratory depression and sedation secondary to opioids
NIFEdipine (Procardia, Adalat, Nifedical)
Type/Class of Med: Calcium channel blocker
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits movement of calcium ions across cell membranes; Inhibits cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contraction, thereby dilating the main coronary and systemic arteries, reducing preload and afterload, and reducing myocardial oxygen demand; Does NOT prolong AV nodal conduction
Nitroglycerin (NGT)
Type/Class of Med: Vasodilator, Nitrate, Antianginal
Mechanism of Action: Smooth muscle relaxant, which acts on the vasculature, bronchial, uterine, and intestinal smooth muscle | Dilated peripheral arterioles and veins | Reduces peripheral vascular resistance, preload, and afterload, decreasing the heart’s workload and myocardial oxygen demand
Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
Type/Class of Med: Antihypertensive, Vasodilator
Mechanism of Action: Arterial and venous vasodilator that reduces afterload, resulting in decreases BP and increases cardiac output
Nitrous oxide 50:50 (Nitronox)
Type/Class of Med: Gaseous analgesic & Anesthetic
Mechanism of Action: Exact mechanism is unknown; the analgesic action is thought to occur by potentiating the release of endogenous endorphins that react w/ opioid receptors in the CNS and alter the pain threshold
Norepinephrine Bitartrate (Levophed, Levarterenol)
Type/Class of Med: Sympathomimetic, Vasopressor
Mechanism of Action: Produces constriction of resistance and capacitance vessels, thereby increasing systemic BP and coronary artery blood flow; also acts on beta-1 receptors | In lower doses, the cardiac-stimulant effect predominates | In larger doses, the vasoconstrictor effect predominates
Ondansetron (Sandostatin)
Type/Class of Med: Synthetic hormone, Antidiarrheal
Mechanism of Action: Mimics the actions of the naturally occuring hormone, somatostatin, decreasing viceral blood flow and inhibiting the release of serotonin, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, secretin, motilin, and pancreatic polypeptide
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Type/Class of Med: Second generation antipsychotic, Antimanic agent
Mechanism of Action: Exact mechanism has not been determined; May act through a combination of dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptor site antagonism
Onansetron Hydrochloride (Zofran, Zuplenz)
Type/Class of Med: Selective serotonin receptor (5-HT3) antagonist, Antiemetic
Mechanism of Action: Blocks the action of serotonin, a natural substance that causes N/V | Does not affect dopamine receptors, so it does NOT cause extrapyramidal sxs
Oxygen
Type/Class of Med: Naturally occurring atmospheric gas
Mechanism of Action: Reverses hypoxemia
Oxymetazoline (Afrin, Dristan 12-hours, Vicks Sinus-12hours)
Type/Class of Med: Intranasal decongestant, Vasoconstrictor, Topical sympathomimetic
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa to produce vasoconstriction
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
Type/Class of Med: Pituitary hormone, Uterine vasoconstrictor
Mechanism of Action: Binds to oxytocin receptor sites on the surface of uterine smooth muscle, Increases the force and frequency of uterine contractions | Causes dilation of vascular smooth muscle, thereby increasing renal, coronary, and cerebral blood flow
Pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon)
Type/Class of Med: Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, Cholinergic receptor antagonist
Mechanism of Action: Binds to the receptor for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction | Skeletal muscle relaxation proceeds in a predictable order, starting w/ muscle associated w/ fine movements (ex: eyes, face, neck), followed by muscles of the limbs, chest, and abdomen, and then the diaphragm; muscle tone returns in the reverse order
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Type/Class of Med: Adrenergic, Alpha agonist, Nasal vasoconstrictor
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa to produce vasoconstriction
Potassium Iodide (Pima Syrup, SSKI, ThyroSafe, ThyroShield)
Type/Class of Med: Antidote
Mechanism of Action: Potassium iodide (KI) can help block radioactive iodine from being absorbed by the thyroid gland, thereby protecting this gland from radiation injury and reducing the risk of thyroid cancer | Does not keep radioactive iodine from entering the body and cannot reverse health effects caused by radioactive iodine once the thyroid is damaged | the protection against radoiactive iodine provided by KI depends on the time after contamination, the rate of KI absorption, and the dose of radioactive iodine
Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam)
Type/Class of Med: Cholinesterase reactivator, Antidote
Mechanism of Action: Binds to organophosphates and breaks their alkyl phosphate-cholinesterase bonds to restores the activity of acetylcholinesterase
Procainamide Hydrochloride (Pronestyl)
Type/Class of Med: Class Ia antidysrhythmic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits recovery after repolarization, resulting in decreased myocardial excitability and conduction velocity | Direct membrane depressant that decreases conduction velocity, prolongs the refractory period, decreases automaticity, and reduces repolarization abnormalities
Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
Type/Class of Med: Antiemetic, First-generation (typical) anti-psychotic, Phenothiazine
Mechanism of Action: Exerts its antiemetic effect by depressing the brain’s chemoreceptor trigger zone; also has moderate anticholinergic and alpha adrenergic receptor blocking effects | Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blockade produces sedation, muscle relaxation, and cardiovascular effects (ex: hypotension, reflex tachycardia, minor EKG pattern changes)
Promethazine Hydrochloride (Phenergan)
Type/Class of Med: Phenothiazine, Antiemetic, Antihistamine
Mechanism of Action: H1 receptor antagonist; Blocks the action (but not the release) of histamine; Possesses sedative, antimotion, antiemetic, and anticholinergic activity; Potentiates the effects of opioids to induce analgesia
Proparacaine Opthalmic (Alcaine, Ophthaine)
Type/Class of Med: Topical opthalmic anesthetic
Mechanism of Action: Produces local anesthesia by blocking sodium ion channels, thereby stopping cellular depolarization and preventing the action potential development of nerve impulses at the ophthalmic pain nerve cell membrane
Propofol (Diprivan)
Type/Class of Med: Short-acting general anesthetic, Sedative-hypnotic
Mechanism of Action: Produces a rapid and brief state of general anesthesia
Rocuronium Bromide (Zemuron)
Type/Class of Med: Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, Cholinergic receptor antagonist
Mechanism of Action: Antagonizes acetylcholine at the motor endplate, producing skeletal muscle paralysis
Sildenafil (Revatio, Viagra)
Type/Class of Med: Phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme inhibitor
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits phosphodiesterase enzyme 5 in lung tissue, which results in relaxation of pulmonary vascular muscle cells and subsequent vasodilation of the pulmonary vasculature
Sodium bicarbonate
Type/Class of Med: Systemic hydrogen ion buffer, Alkalizing agent
Mechanism of Action: Reacts with hydrogen ions to form water and carbon dioxide, correcting metabolic acidosis | Increases blood and urinary pH by releasing a bicarbonate ion, which in turn neutralizes hydrogen ion concentrations
Sodium thiosulfate (Nithiodote)
Type/Class of Med: Cyanide antidote
Mechanism of Action: Converts cyanide to the less toxic thiocyanate, which is then excreted in the urine
Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine)
Type/Class of Med: Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker; Skeletal muscle relaxant
Mechanism of Action: Ultra-short-acting depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant that mimics acetylcholine | It binds w/ the cholinergic receptors on the motor endplate, producing a phase 1 block manifested by muscle fasciculations
Tadalfil (Cialis, Adcirca)
Type/Class of Med: Phosphodiesterase-5 enzyme inhibitor
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits phosphodiesterase enzyme 5 in lung tissue, which results in relaxation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells and subsequently vasodialation of the pulmonary vasculature
Tetracaine Opthalmic Solution (Pontocaine)
Type/Class of Med: Topical opthalmic anesthetic
Mechanism of Action: Produces local anesthesia by blocking sodium ion channels, thereby stopping cellular depolarization and preventing the action potential development of nerve impulses at the ophthalmic pain nerve cell membrane
Thaimine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)
Type/Class of Med: Vitamin
Mechanism of Action: Combines with adenosine triphosphate to form thiamine pyrophosphate, a coenzyme essential for carboydrate metabolism
Tranexamic Acid (Cyklokapron, Lysteda)
Type/Class of Med: Hemostatic agent, Antifibrinolytic agent, Plasminogen inhibitor
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the activation of plasminogen, thereby reducing the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin (which breaks down fibrin clots, fibrinogen, and other plasma protiens) | Now, Clotting factors and circulating platelet plugs can form a seal (fibrin clot) and reduce bleeding
Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron)
Type/Class of Med: Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, Cholinergic receptor antagonist
Mechanism of Action: Neuromuscular agent with an intermediate duration of action that competes with acetylcholine for receptors at the motor endplate, resulting in neuromuscular blockade
Verapamil Hydrochloride (Isoptin, Calan)
Type/Class of Med: Calcium channel blocker
Mechanism of Action: Slows AV node conduction, Shortens the refractory period of accessory pathways, and Acts as a negative inotrope and vasodilator
Ziprasidone (Geodon)
Type/Class of Med: Second-generation antipsychotic
Mechanism of Action: Blocks synaptic reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine | Binds to alpha adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptors, and serotonin receptors
