Medical Micro - Fungi Flashcards
what is a heterotroph
need to absorb nutrients from the environment
where does the fungus germinate from
the spore
what produces spores
the reproductive structure
difference between septate and and coenetytic hyphae
septate - 1 on 1 nuclei
coentityci - the nuclei is continuous
features of spores
haploid
produced sexually/asexually
dispersed by wind/water
outline asexual reproduction of funcgi
spore producing structure
spore
germination
mycelium
outline sexual reproduction of fungi step 1-4
dikaryotic stage
karyogamy - fusion of nuclei
diploid stage
meiosis
outline sexual reproduction of fungi step 5 -9
spore producing structure
spores
germination
mycelium
plasmogamy - fusion of cytoplasm
features of zygomycota
hyphae coenocytic
but septate in reproductive phase
dikaryotic zygosporangia
features of ascomycota
septate hyphae
sac fungi
usually 8 ascospores in asci
features of basidiomycota
club fungi
septate hyphae
4 basidiospores on basidium
roles of fungi
decomposers - break down dead material
symbionts - mutualistic relationship with other organisms
pathogens/parasites - cannot produce their own nutrients
features of fungi of decomposers
hyphae can penetrate larger items
enzymes to break down lignin
nutrients absorbed from dead material
nutrients made available to other organisms - nutrient recycling
what is a mycorrhiza
symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant
what are the fungal and plant benefits from mycorrhiza
fungal - access to carbs
plants - access to mineral nutrients
what allows fungus to penetrate the plant cell wall
haustorium
what are lichens
symbiosis between fungus and green algae or cyanobacteria
what are the benefits to the algae/bacteria and fungus in lichens
algae/bacteria - gets more stable environment
fungi - gets nutrients
what is the difference between opportunistic and obligate parasites
opportunistic - do not need a host but will if available
obligate - need a host to survive
what is the nutritional value of fungi
low in fat/cholesterol
high in protein
high in vitamins, mineral and antioxidants
good source of fibre
how can yeast produce ATP from sugars
respiration and fermentation
how does psylocybin work
structurally similar to serotonin
what are all plant pathogens
basidiomycota
difference between the life cycle of smuts and ruts
smuts - have one host
ruts - have two hosts
what is the effect of ruts/smuts on plants
don’t kill the plant but decrease yield
features of candidiasis
dimorphic - grow as yeast and filaments
results in oral/genital thrush
what is the treatment of candiasis
antifungal treatment
features of dermatophytosis
AKA - athletes foot
infects via spores in the environment ( active for 18 months)
treatment is antifungal medication
features of aspergillosis
caused by inhaling aspergillus
range of effects on lungs, sinus and more
treatment is antifungals
features of cryptococcosis
caused by inhaling spores of cryptococcus
infects lungs and CNS , can cross BBB
treatment is antifungals
features of fungal allergies
caused by inhaling the spores of moulds and mildew
wide range of species
allergic reactions, asthma
treatments - antihistamines, steroids
what is microsporidia
phylum of single celled organism
eukaryotes
obligate intra-cellular parasites
small genome
spore forming
what is the structure of a meront
plasma membrane often with projections to increase contact surface area with host
1 or 2 nuclei
lots of ribosomes
no mitochondria
structure of a spore
thick wall, protein/chitin layers
1 or 2 nuclei
rows of circles
what are the rows of circles in spores
cross-section of coiled up polar filaments
coil pattern is often species-specific
outline the life cycle of a spore
environmental cues triggers germination
polar filaments pierce membrane of host cell
spore content injected into host cell
what environmental cue triggers spore germination
osmotic pressure
classification of microsposidia
very primitive eukaryote
related to fungi
highly specialised - lost many traits due to parasitic lifestyle
why do microsporidia not have mitochondria
their environments has all the resources they need, don’t need to generate energy to get it
why are microsporidia not found in plants
they can’t penetrate the cell wall
