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Biomed 2 - Season finale > Medical Micro - Fungi > Flashcards

Medical Micro - Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

what is a heterotroph

A

need to absorb nutrients from the environment

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2
Q

where does the fungus germinate from

A

the spore

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3
Q

what produces spores

A

the reproductive structure

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4
Q

difference between septate and and coenetytic hyphae

A

septate - 1 on 1 nuclei
coentityci - the nuclei is continuous

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5
Q

features of spores

A

haploid
produced sexually/asexually
dispersed by wind/water

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6
Q

outline asexual reproduction of funcgi

A

spore producing structure
spore
germination
mycelium

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7
Q

outline sexual reproduction of fungi step 1-4

A

dikaryotic stage
karyogamy - fusion of nuclei
diploid stage
meiosis

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8
Q

outline sexual reproduction of fungi step 5 -9

A

spore producing structure
spores
germination
mycelium
plasmogamy - fusion of cytoplasm

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9
Q

features of zygomycota

A

hyphae coenocytic
but septate in reproductive phase
dikaryotic zygosporangia

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10
Q

features of ascomycota

A

septate hyphae
sac fungi
usually 8 ascospores in asci

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11
Q

features of basidiomycota

A

club fungi
septate hyphae
4 basidiospores on basidium

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12
Q

roles of fungi

A

decomposers - break down dead material
symbionts - mutualistic relationship with other organisms
pathogens/parasites - cannot produce their own nutrients

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13
Q

features of fungi of decomposers

A

hyphae can penetrate larger items
enzymes to break down lignin
nutrients absorbed from dead material
nutrients made available to other organisms - nutrient recycling

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14
Q

what is a mycorrhiza

A

symbiotic relationship between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant

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15
Q

what are the fungal and plant benefits from mycorrhiza

A

fungal - access to carbs
plants - access to mineral nutrients

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16
Q

what allows fungus to penetrate the plant cell wall

A

haustorium

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17
Q

what are lichens

A

symbiosis between fungus and green algae or cyanobacteria

18
Q

what are the benefits to the algae/bacteria and fungus in lichens

A

algae/bacteria - gets more stable environment
fungi - gets nutrients

19
Q

what is the difference between opportunistic and obligate parasites

A

opportunistic - do not need a host but will if available
obligate - need a host to survive

20
Q

what is the nutritional value of fungi

A

low in fat/cholesterol
high in protein
high in vitamins, mineral and antioxidants
good source of fibre

21
Q

how can yeast produce ATP from sugars

A

respiration and fermentation

22
Q

how does psylocybin work

A

structurally similar to serotonin

23
Q

what are all plant pathogens

A

basidiomycota

24
Q

difference between the life cycle of smuts and ruts

A

smuts - have one host
ruts - have two hosts

25
Q

what is the effect of ruts/smuts on plants

A

don’t kill the plant but decrease yield

26
Q

features of candidiasis

A

dimorphic - grow as yeast and filaments
results in oral/genital thrush

27
Q

what is the treatment of candiasis

A

antifungal treatment

28
Q

features of dermatophytosis

A

AKA - athletes foot
infects via spores in the environment ( active for 18 months)
treatment is antifungal medication

29
Q

features of aspergillosis

A

caused by inhaling aspergillus
range of effects on lungs, sinus and more
treatment is antifungals

30
Q

features of cryptococcosis

A

caused by inhaling spores of cryptococcus
infects lungs and CNS , can cross BBB
treatment is antifungals

31
Q

features of fungal allergies

A

caused by inhaling the spores of moulds and mildew
wide range of species
allergic reactions, asthma
treatments - antihistamines, steroids

32
Q

what is microsporidia

A

phylum of single celled organism
eukaryotes
obligate intra-cellular parasites
small genome
spore forming

33
Q

what is the structure of a meront

A

plasma membrane often with projections to increase contact surface area with host
1 or 2 nuclei
lots of ribosomes
no mitochondria

34
Q

structure of a spore

A

thick wall, protein/chitin layers
1 or 2 nuclei
rows of circles

35
Q

what are the rows of circles in spores

A

cross-section of coiled up polar filaments
coil pattern is often species-specific

36
Q

outline the life cycle of a spore

A

environmental cues triggers germination
polar filaments pierce membrane of host cell
spore content injected into host cell

37
Q

what environmental cue triggers spore germination

A

osmotic pressure

38
Q

classification of microsposidia

A

very primitive eukaryote
related to fungi
highly specialised - lost many traits due to parasitic lifestyle

39
Q

why do microsporidia not have mitochondria

A

their environments has all the resources they need, don’t need to generate energy to get it

40
Q

why are microsporidia not found in plants

A

they can’t penetrate the cell wall

Biomed 2 - Season finale (24 decks)

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