Engineering - Stem Cells Flashcards
definition of a stem cell
cells that are capable of self-renewal or differentiation into a specialised cell
what is a haematopoetic stem cell
stem cells of the blood
what are bone marrow transplants of haematopoetic stem cells used for
reconstitute the blood system after its been destroyed
what are examples of stem cells that can be isolated from adult tissue and grown in-vitro
haematopoetic stem cells (HSC)
mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)
neural stem cells (NSC)
features of adult stem cells
multipotent
senesce after certain number of divisions
limited supply for medicine
where are pluripotent stem cells derived from
adult/embryonic tissue
ESC and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are characterised by what
their pluripotency
ability to divide indefinitely
features of ESC’s
derived from embryonic tissue
grown indefinitely
only exists transiently in nature
pluripotent
difference in extracting mouse vs human ESC’s
more difficult to get from humans
require more complex culture conditions
more expensive to grow
what is a chimera
forms when two embryo’s fuse after fertilisation
leads to formation of a single person with 2 distinct genetic identities
outline a germline chimera
ESC’s are injected into a mouse blastocyte
contribute to all the tissues of the host making a chimera
individual composed of two fertilised eggs
how are knockout mice produced
mating 2 chimeric mice produces 2 mice generated ESC grown in a dish
mice with whole genes missing are produced
what are the applications of embryonic stem cells
diabetes type I
Parkinson’s
heart disease
bone disease
liver cirrhosis
how did Shinya Yamanaka convert adult cells into embryonic stem cells
introduction of 4 genes
