III - cytokines/interferons Flashcards
function of neutrophils
phagocytosis
enzyme production
function of NK cells
immune surveillance of cancer and viral infected cells
function of dendritic cells
antigen presentation
cytokine production
function of macrophage
phagocytosis
cytokine production
function of cytokines/interferons
signal neighbouring cells to erect barriers
signals infected cells to die
signals WBC for long lasting immunity
outline the purpose of the 2 functional sites present in Januse kinase
one to associate with cytokine R
another as a catalytic site - has tyrosine kinase activity
function of januse kinase
binds receptor and phosphorylation
creates SH2 binding site off of stats
leads to dissociation and dimerisation
what does GAS element do
is a TF that promotes transcription in response to cytokine production
what are the local effects of cytokine
increase in:
adhesion molecules
permeability
flow rate
chemokine expression
activation degranulation
what are the systemic effects of cytokine production
acute phase proteins in the liver
hypothalamus induced fever
mobilisation in the bone marrow
what are the local effects of IL-1β
activates vascular endothelium
activates lymphocytes
local tissue destruction
increase amount of effector cells
what are the systemic effects of IL-1β
fever
production of IL-6
what are the local effects of TNF-α
activates vascular endothelium
increases vascular permeability
what is the effect of increased vascular permeability via local TNF-α
increased entry of !gG, complements, cells to tissue
increased fluid drainage to lymph nodes
what are the systemic effects of TNF-α
fever
mobilisation of metabolites
shock
local effects of IL-6
lymphocyte activation
increased antibody production
systemic effects of IL-6
fever
induces acute phase
protein production
what is CXL8 and what are its local effects
chemotactic factor
recruits neutrophils, basophils and T cells to infection site
function and local effects of IL-12
activates NK cells
induces differentiation of CD4 T cells into TH1 cells
what does haemolysis of RBC mediated by antibody involve
complements
where do all complement activation pathways merge
key event:
proteolytic activation of the central C3 to C3b
outline the classic complement activation pathway
antigen/antibody immune complex
Ciq/Cir/Cis
outline the mannose-binding lectin activation pathway
microbes with terminal mannose group
MBL/MASP1/MASP2
outline the alternative activation pathway
bacteria, fungi, virus or tumour cell
C3 (H2O)
what are the key roles of complements
production of opsonins
production anaphylatoxins
direct killing of organisms
enhancing antigen specific immune response
maintaining homeostasis
