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3. OSCE > medical emergency drug kit > Flashcards

medical emergency drug kit Flashcards

1
Q

What is GTN used for?

A

angina

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2
Q

What dosage of GTN spray is kept in the medical emergency kit?

A

400 micrograms

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3
Q

What route is GTN spray administered?

A

Sublingually (under the tongue)

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4
Q

What type of inhaler is kept in the medical emergency drugs kit?

A

Salbutamol

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5
Q

What dosage per usage is administered with a salbutamol inhaler?

A

100 micrograms

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6
Q

What medical emergency drug is administered for myocardial infarction?

A

Dispensable aspirin.

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7
Q

What dosage of dispensable aspirin is administered in the event of an MI?

A

300 mg

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8
Q

What is administered in the event of a hypoglycaemic attack?

A

1mg Glucagon

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9
Q

How is glucagon administered during a hypoglycaemic attack?

A

Intramuscularly

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10
Q

Which drug is administered in the event of status epilepticus?

A

Midazolam

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11
Q

How much midazolam is administered in the event of status epilepticus?

A

5 mg/ml or 10 mg/ml

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12
Q

How is midazolam administered?

A

Buccally

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13
Q

How much adrenaline is administered to adults and children over 12?

A

500 micrograms

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14
Q

How much adrenaline is administered to children from 6-12?

A

300 micrograms

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15
Q

How much adrenaline is administered to children under 6?

A

150 micrograms

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16
Q

When would oxygen be administered?

A

For anaphylaxis, asthma attack, angina and myocardial infarction.

17
Q

In the event of anaphylaxis, how much oxygen would be administered?

A

15 litres/min through a non-rebreathe mask.

18
Q

8 drugs found in the ME kit:

A
  1. Adrenaline (1:1000)
  2. Dispensable Aspirin 300mg
  3. Glucagon injection (1 unit vial)
  4. Glucose (oral administration)
  5. GTN spray
  6. Midazolam oral mucosal solution
  7. Oxygen
  8. Salbutamol aerosol inhaler (100 micrograms)
19
Q

What is the mode of action for adrenaline?

A

ALPHA AGONIST:
reverses peripheral vasodilation and reduces oedema.

BETA AGONIST
- dilates the bronchial airways.
- inhibit mast cell activation so early administration helps anaphylaxis.

20
Q

Presentation of Adrenaline

A
  1. Ampoules (administered either 23-21 needle).
  2. Pre-filled syringes.
  3. Auto-injector devices.

autoinjectors not used due to expense

21
Q

What are the side effects of adrenaline administration?

A
  • palpitations
  • dry mouth
  • only adverse effect was an MI in a patient with severe ischemic heart disease *
22
Q

What is the mechanism of action for adrenaline?

A

COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors.

Inhibits thrombus formation to create an antiplatelet effect.

23
Q

Presentation of soluble aspirin.

A

Soluble aspirin 300mg either in a child proof container or blister pack.

24
Q

Dose and route of administration of Aspirin.

A

300mg crushed or chewed

(reduces the incidence of re-occlusion following thrombolytic therapy)

25
Q

Contraindications of Aspirin

A

A known allergy

26
Q

When should glucagon be administered?

A

When the patient is in an unconscious state of hypoglycaemia (blood sugar levels of less than 3)

27
Q

What is the mode of action for glucagon?

A

Increases the patient’s blood sugar levels by metabolising glycogen in the liver.

28
Q

Presentation of glucagon in the medical emergency drugs kit?

A

Glucagon injection As GlucaGen Hypokit.

stored in the fridge or out below 25C for up to 18 months

29
Q

Glucagon dose and route of administration.

A

Adults and children greater than 8 or 25 kg, inject all of the medicine.

Children under 8, inject half the medicine (0.5 ml).

30
Q

Side effects of Glucagon.

A

Nausea, vomiting and temporary tachycardia.

31
Q

Contraindications for use of Glucagon

A
  1. Allergy to glucagon or lactose.
  2. Tumour of the adrenal gland.
  3. Tumour of the pancreas.
32
Q

When would glucose be administered?

A

Hypoglycaemia

when conscious, co-operative and IN-TACT GAG REFLEX

33
Q

Dose of Glucose

A

10-20g of 40% fast acting glucose gently rubbed to aid absorption.

34
Q

When does GTN reach its peak concentration?

A

4 minutes

35
Q

How does GTN work?

A

Increases the production of Nitric Oxide which initiates the relaxation of smooth muscle to produce arterial and venous vasodilation.

36
Q

What does GTN present as in the drugs kit?

A

Pressured container (red) which delivers 400 micrograms.

37
Q

Dose and route of administration of GTN.

A

1 or 2 metered doses (400-800 micrograms) given under the tongue whilst the patient holds their breath.

no more than 3 doses at one time

38
Q

Mode of action of midazolam?

A

Binds to the GABA receptor but doesn’t displace GABA, it increases the affinity for its receptor site on the same receptor complex.

Reduces seizure activity.

39
Q

Midazolam dose.

A

Child 1-5: 5 mg
Child 5-10: 7.5 mg
Child above 10: 10mg

3. OSCE (34 decks)

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