Mediastinum & Heart - Heart

Question 1

The heart is enclosed in a double membrane called the _______.

Answer 1

pericardium

Question 2

What are the layers and sublayers of the pericardium?

Answer 2

fibrous pericardium (most superficial)
serous pericardium (deep, has 2 layers; parietal, visceral)

Question 3

What does the fibrous pericardium adhere to? (2)

Answer 3

diaphragm (inferiorly)
roots of great vessels

Question 4

Functions of fibrous pericardium? (2)

Answer 4

hold heart in place
prevent overfilling

Question 5

What composes the serous pericardium, from external to internal? (3)

Answer 5

parietal layer
pericardial cavity (w serous fluid)
serous layer (epicardium)

Question 6

What is pericarditis?

Answer 6

– infection/inflammation leading to roughening of serous membrane

– causes rustling sound (pericardial friction rub)

– can lead to formation of adhesions to fibrous layer

Question 7

What is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 7

– fluid can build up in pericaridal cavity and limit expansion of heart bw beats

– diminishes hearts ability to pump blood

Question 8

What are the 8 great vessels?

Answer 8

SVC, IVC, aorta, pulm trunk (1R/1L artery), 4 pulm veins (2R/2L vv)

Question 9

The SVC and IVC enter what part of the heart?

Answer 9

right atrium

Question 10

The aorta extends from what part of the heart?

Answer 10

left ventricle

Question 11

The pulm trunk exits what part of the heart and what does it carry?

Answer 11

right ventricle
carries deoxygenated blood

Question 12

True or false – The pulmonary arteries are thicker walled than pulmonary veins.

Answer 12

True – high pressure system, have to have thicker walls

Question 13

The pulmonary veins enter what part of the heart and what do they carry?

Answer 13

left atrium
oxygenated blood

Question 14

What are the parts of the right side of the heart and as a whole what are they responsible for?

Answer 14

– R atrium, R ventricle, pulm trunk
– receiving deoxy blood and delivering to lungs

Question 15

What are the parts of the left side of the heart and as a whole what are they responsible for?

Answer 15

– L atrium, L ventricle, aorta
– receiving oxy blood from lungs and delivering to whole body (except lungs)

Question 16

Features of the right atrium? (4)

Answer 16

– auricle
– sinus venarum
– crista terminalis
– pectinate m

Question 17

Where is the auricle?

Answer 17

right atrium; in front of root of aorta

Question 18

The sinus venarum of the right atrium is the location of…

Answer 18

IVC and SVC
coronary sinus

Question 19

What does the crista terminalis do in the right atrium?

Answer 19

separate smooth from rough portions of chamber

Question 20

The right atrium receives blood flow from…

Answer 20

SVC (tricuspid orifice)
IVC (valve)

Question 21

Where and what is the infundibulum?

Answer 21

right ventricle
smooth walled outflow tract, ends at pulm valve

Question 22

The inflow area of the right ventricle has many __________.

Answer 22

trabeculae (is a rough surface)

Question 23

Where is the left atrium in relation to the right atrium?

Answer 23

post and slightly to the left

Question 24

True or false; The walls of the left atrium are rough.

Answer 24

False; LA is a smooth walled chamber

Question 25

The wall bw the two atria is the _____________.

Answer 25

interatrial septum

Question 26

What valve is bw the LA and LV?

Answer 26

mitral / bicuspid / left atrioventricular

Question 27

True or false; Inflow and outflow tracts in the LV are very close to each other.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What are the valves of the heart? (4)

Answer 28

pulm semilunar valve (RV-lungs) aortic semilunar valve (LV-aorta) right atrioventricular / tricuspid valve (RA-RV) left atrioventricular / bicuspid valve (LA-LV)

Question 29

Which is the largest of the 4 heart valves?

Answer 29

right AV (tricuspid) valve

Question 30

What are the leaflets of the RAV/tricuspid valve and what separates them?

Answer 30

-- septal, ant, post -- separated by commissure

Question 31

What helps keep the valve leaflets closed during systole?

Answer 31

chordae tendinae

Question 32

What do the chordae tendinae attach?

Answer 32

attach papillary mm to inf surface of rough zone of leaflets

Question 33

What are the leaflets of the pulm semilunar valve?

Answer 33

left post, right post, ant

Question 34

What are the leaflets of the LAV/mitral/bicuspid valve?

Answer 34

post and ant (*ant is a true single leaflet; post is made up of 2 or 3 smaller subleaflets)

Question 35

What assists in preventing mitral regurgitation in systole?

Answer 35

chordae tendineae from LV attach to mitral valve leaflets

Question 36

the heart lies in the thorax posterior to the

Answer 36

sternum and costal cartilages

Question 37

which great vessels are considered a relatively low pressure system?

Answer 37

4 pulmonary veins

Question 38

pulmonary veins are ____ walled than pulmonary arteries

Answer 38

thinner walled

Question 39

pumps **deoxygenated** blood from **pulmonary trunk to the lungs** via the pulmonary arteries

Answer 39

right ventricle

Question 40

**receives oxygenated** blood **from lungs** via the pulmonary veins

Answer 40

left atrium

Question 41

right or left ventricle has a thicker wall?

Answer 41

right ventricle

Question 42

valve closes increases pressure and prevents backflow to right ventricle during diastole

Answer 42

semilunar (pulmonary) valve

Question 43

innervation of the heart

Answer 43

sympathetic & parasympathetic NS plus visceral sensory