Abd/Pelvic Mm - General Info

Question 1

Layers of ant abdominal wall (5)

Answer 1

> skin
superficial fascia (2)
muscular layers (4)
transversalis fascia
peritoneum

Question 2

What are the sublayers of the ‘superficial fascia’ of the ant abdominal wall? (2)

Answer 2

sup (fatty, Camper’s fascia)
deep (membranous, Scarpa’s fascia)

Question 3

What are the sublayers of the ‘muscular layer’ of the ant abdominal wall? (4)

Answer 3

rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis

Question 4

The transversalis fascia is bw…

Answer 4

transverse abdominis, extraperitoneal fat

Question 5

Describe the peritoneum

Answer 5

single-cell thick serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and its viscera

Question 6

Where is the inguinal canal?

Answer 6

parallel and superior to the med 1/2 of the inguinal ligament

Question 7

What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 7

hernia occurs through the natural weakness in the internal (deep) inguinal ring

Question 8

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

Answer 8

– hernia occurs as a result of weakness in the floor of the inguinal canal

– floor of inguinal canal is located just below the internal inguinal ring

– occurs mostly in men over 40

Question 9

Contents of inguinal canal? (2)

Answer 9

– ilioinguinal nerve
– males - spermatic cord
– females - round ligament

Question 10

Describe the deep (internal) inguinal ring

Answer 10

– entrance to canal
– transversalis fascia continues in canal

Question 11

Describe the superficial inguinal ring

Answer 11

– males - exit for testes from canal to scrotum
– females - exit for round ligament from canal to labia majora

Question 12

Contents of spermatic cord? (7)

Answer 12

– vas (ductus) deferens
– testicular, cremasteric, deferential aa
– testicular veins
– genital b of genitofemoral n
– testicular sympathetic pathway

Question 13

What is the female homolog of the spermatic cord?

Answer 13

round ligament

Question 14

What does the round ligament insert into?

Answer 14

labia majora

Question 15

Functions of round ligament? (2)

Answer 15

– suspends uterus in pelvis
– also carries lymphatics

Question 16

Infrapubic angle of male pelvis vs female pelvis?

Answer 16

male – <60 deg
female – >90 deg

Question 17

The superior surface of the pelvic floor is covered with…

Answer 17

endopelvic fascia

Question 18

The sacral plexus is formed on the anterior surface of what muscle?

Answer 18

piriformis

Question 19

outer 2 muscles running diagonally & perpendicular to each other

Answer 19

1. external oblique
2. internal oblique

Question 20

deep muscle layer running transversely

Answer 20

transverse abdominis

Question 21

superolateral to inferomedial

hands are in pockets

Answer 21

external oblique

Question 22

fibers run in the direction of your fingers when hand over heart

Answer 22

internal oblique

Question 23

• corresponds with lateral border of rectus abdominis
• reinforced anteriorly by the EO and posteriorly by the TA

Answer 23

linea semilunaris

Question 24

what are the 4 mm that make up the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 24

1. quadratus lumborum
2. iliacus
3. psoas major
4. psoas minor

Question 25

male pelvis vs female pelvis

Answer 25

male: heavy, deep, more prominentlandmarks

female: wide, shallow, larger pelvic inlet/outlet

Question 26

what seperates the pelvis from the perineum

Answer 26

pelvic diaphragm

Question 27

what mm actively contracts during coughing?

Answer 27

levator ani

Question 28

stimulates rectal contraction for defication

Answer 28

levator ani

Question 29

borders of the perineum

Answer 29

anterior: pubic symphysis

lateral: ischial tuberosities

posterior: coccyx

Question 30

what part of the perineum contains external genitalia and urethral orifice?

Answer 30

anterior urogenital triangle

Question 31

contents of the posterior anal triangle

Answer 31

anus

Question 32

the perineum is divided by a “line” between

Answer 32

ischial tuberosities