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Block 4: Thorax/Abdomen/Pelvis/Perineum > Abd Cavity/Blood Supply - General Info > Flashcards

Abd Cavity/Blood Supply - General Info Flashcards

1
Q

Abd cavity borders?

A

sup – thoracic diaphragm
inf – pelvic inlet

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2
Q

Abdomino-pelvic cavity borders?

A

sup – thoracic diaphragm
inf – pelvic diaphragm

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3
Q

What lines divide the abd cavity into 4 quadrants?

A

vertically – xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
horizontally – line through navel (umbilicus)

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4
Q

Intraperitoneal organs? (8)

***SALTSRSS

A

stomach, appendix, liver, transverse colon, small int, rectum (sup 1/3), sigmoid colon, spleen

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5
Q

Retroperitoneal organs? (11)

***BISADPUCKER

A

bladder, IVC, suprarenal glands, aorta, duodenum, pancreas, ureter, colon (asc/desc), kidneys, esophagus, rectum (inf 2/3)

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6
Q

Different sheets of peritoneum? (3)

A

– omenta (greater and lesser on corresponding stomach curvatures)

– mesenteries (attach viscera to abd wall)

– ligaments (named portions providing support)

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7
Q

The digestive tract is synonymous to the ______________.

A

alimentary canal

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8
Q

What is the path of the digestive tract/alimentary canal?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

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9
Q

What is the path of the GI tract?

A

stomach, small int, large int, anus

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10
Q

Upper GI versus lower GI?

A

upper – stomach and duodenum
lower – small and large int

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11
Q

What does the digestive system include?

A

alimentary canal/digestive tract AND accessory organs (liver, gall bladder, pancreas, etc)

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12
Q

Parts of pharynx? (3)

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx

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13
Q

Parts of larynx? (3)

A

supraglottis (including epiglottis), glottis, vocal folds, hypoglottis

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14
Q

Esophagus terminates at the ______________

A

cardiac sphincter (cardiac orifice is, cardiac sphincter controls opening of that)

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15
Q

junction between esophagus and stomach and what controls that structure

A

cardiac sphincter controls the cardiac orifice

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16
Q

What happens if there is dysfunction of the cardiac sphincter?

A

gastric reflux

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17
Q

The esophagus runs posterior to…

A

the larynx and trachea

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18
Q

The esophagus is inn by…

A

vagus n

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19
Q

Parts of stomach? (4)

A

cardiac, fundus, body, pylorus

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20
Q

Termination of stomach is at the ___________

A

pyloric sphincter (smooth m control bw stomach and duodenum of small int)

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21
Q

Why do gastric ulcers occur?

A

– increased acid secretion or
– insufficient mucus secretion

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22
Q

using camera to view gastric ulcers

A

endoscopy

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23
Q

What parts of the small intestine are intra/retroperitoneal?

A

duodenum – retroperitoneal
jejunum – intraperitoneal
ileum – intraperitoneal

24
Q

In relation to hip osteology, where is the iliocecal valve?

A

right iliac fossa

25
Q

Vomit color in duodenal perforation versus stomach ulcers?

A

duodenal perf – bright red blood
stomach ulcers – coffee grounds

26
Q

3 major parts of large intestine?

A

first part – cecum/appendix
second part – colon (4 parts)
third part – rectum/anus

27
Q

What reflex allows the sphincter of the iliocecal valve to open, allowing material to pass from small intestine to large intestine?

A

iliocecal reflex

28
Q

What is the appendix?

A

– small appendage off the cecum
– secondary lymph organ, serves very little function

29
Q

What is McBurney’s Point?

A

– name given to the point over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus

– point roughly corresponds to the most common location of the base of the appendix

30
Q

The internal anal sphincter is ____________ (parasympathetic) and the external anal sphincter is _______________.

A

internal – involuntary (parasympathetic)

external – voluntary

31
Q

What is a diverticulum?

A

weakness in the intestinal wall

32
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

– inflammation or infection in one or more small pouches in the digestive tract

– painful and often in desc or sigmoid colon (L lower quadrant)

33
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

– inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal wall and covering the abdominal organs

– caused by leakage or hole in appendix, such as burst appendix

34
Q

What are hemorrhoids?

A

enlarged veins located within tissues of lower potion of rectum or anus

35
Q

Bleeding diff bw external hemorrhoids and internal GI bleeding?

A

ext hemorrhoids – bright red blood
int GI – dark blood

36
Q

Which are more dangerous- internal or external hemorrhoids?

A

internal; they can rupture

37
Q

Describe where the pancreas is in the body

A

– retroperitoneal
– post to stomach, bw duodenum on the right, spleen on the left

38
Q

Function of pancreas? (3)

A

– both an exocrine and endocrine gland
– exocrine into GI tract
– endocrine into bloodstream

39
Q

Endocrine function of pancreas?

A

– into bloodstream

– secreted from specialized areas of cells called Islets of Langerhans, which secreting insulin-glucose uptake, glucagon-glucose release, somatostatin (limits release of other hormones such as growth hormone and insulin)

40
Q

Exocrine function of pancreas?

A

– exocrine secretes digestive enzymes into pancreatic duct within pancreas, joins with gall bladder to form a short portal called the hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater

– opens into desc part of duodenum

41
Q

What is the pathway of bile?

A

– cystic duct comes off gall bladder

– right and left hepatic ducts come from liver, combine to form the common hepatic duct

– the cystic duct (of GB) and common hepatic duct (of liver) combine to make the common bile duct

– the common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct of the pancreas dump their contents through the hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater in desc duodenum

42
Q

Surfaces of liver? (3)

A

ant, post, inferior (visceral)

43
Q

Lobes of liver? (4)

A

right (larger)
left (smaller)
caudate (post side)
quadrate (ant side)

44
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

entry point of hepatic aa (blood from heart) and portal v (blood from intestines), and exit of hepatic ducts (bile back to intestines)

45
Q

What do hepatic veins do?

A

– drain liver of blood that has entered via portal circulation back out to systemic venous circulation

– short bc close to IVC, which they drain into

46
Q

Innervation of liver/porta hepatis?

A

autonomic NS

47
Q

Function of gall bladder?

A

stores bile produced by the liver

48
Q

What forms the common hepatic duct?

A

right and left hepatic ducts

49
Q

What forms the common bile duct?

A

cystic duct (of GB) and common hepatic duct (of liver)

50
Q

What joins to dump bile into the desc duodenum through the hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater?

A

common bile duct and pancreatic duct

51
Q

Gall stones are associated with pain where?

A

upper R quadrant / upper right shoulder

52
Q

Why are gall stones dangerous?

A

may plug the duct and end up with pancreatitis

53
Q

What quadrant is the spleen in?

A

upper L quadrant

54
Q

Surfaces of spleen? (2)

A

diaphragmatic – towards diaphragm
visceral – houses hilus, which receives blood vessels and nerves

55
Q

Function of spleen?

A

filter blood, is a secondary lymph organ

Block 4: Thorax/Abdomen/Pelvis/Perineum (22 decks)

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