Med Term on Midterm (that rhythms!) Flashcards
Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart
cardiac catheterization (CC)
Graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applies to the chest, arms, and legs
electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hours of ECG tracings
Holter monitor test
ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
Nuclear ECG
ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions
Stress test
Blood test that measures troponin T, troponin I, and creatine kinase (CK-MB)
These enzymes are released into the bloodstream from the damaged heart muscle tissue
Cardiac enzyme studies
Series of test (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerdies) used to asses risk factors of ischemic heart disease
Lipid Panel
Radiographic imaging of the heart and blood vessels after injection of a contrast dye
Angiography
Angiography to determine the degree of obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart
A catheter is inserted into the femoral artery and threaded to the aorta, then contrast dye outlines the coronary arteries
Coronary angiography
Angiography in which two radiographic images are obtained, the first one w/o contrast, the second one w/ contrast. The two images are compared by a computer that digitally subtract the images of soft tissues, bones, and muscles leaving only the images of the vessels with contrast
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
Radiological examination of the aorta and its branches following injection of a contrast medium via catheter
Aortography
Noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structure and produce images of the heart
Echocardiography (ECHO)
Noninvasive adaption of ultrasound technology in which blood flow velocity is assessed in different areas of the heart.
Doppler ultrasound
Noninvase technique that uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of blood vessels.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Type of MRI that provides highly detailed images of the blood vessels.
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
Nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart, including the myocardium and the mitral and tricuspid valves.
Multiple-gated acquisitions (MUGA)
Imaging technique that provides a graphic display of heart sounds and murmurs during the cardiac cycle.
Phonocardiography
Diagnostic test that uses radiation emitted by the body after injection of radioactive substances to create images of various organs or identify body functions and diseases
Scintigraphy
Scintigraphy procedure that uses injected radioactive thallium and records the uptake of the isotope with a gamma camera to produce an image.
Thallium study (resting)
Radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, which indicates obstruction.
Venography
Procedures to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the heart
Cardioversion
Technique used to block blood flow to a site by passing a catheter to the area and injecting synthetic material or medication specifically designed to occlude the blood vessel
Embolization
Injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein
Commonly performed to treat varicose veins
Sclerotherapy
Procedure that alteres a vessel through surgery of dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter
angioplasty
surgical procedure that uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle.
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
Removal of material from an occluded vessel using a specifically designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device
Atherectomy
Removal and examination of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes
biopsy
Removal and examination of a segment of an arterial vessels wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteritis, a type of vasculitis
Arterial biopsy
Destruction of conduction tissue of the heart to interrupt the abnormal conduction pathway causing the arrhythmia, thus allowing normal heart rhythm to resume
Catheter ablation
Surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their “commissures” (point of touching)
Commissurotomy
Procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins. Laser’s heat coagulates blood inside the vessel, causing it to collapse and seal and the vessel dissolve within the body
laser ablation
Tying a varicose vein followed by removal of the affected segment. Performed for heavily damaged veins
ligation and stripping
Surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine.
Open heart surgery
Puncture of teh pericardium to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac or to test for protein, sugar, and enzymes or determine the causative organism of pericarditis.
Pericardiocentesis
Destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-buster, such as tissue plasminogen activator
Thrombolysis
Infusion of a thrombolytic agent into a vessel to dissolve a blood clot
Intravascular thrombolysis
Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis
Valvotomy
Puncture of a vein by a needle attached to a syringe or catheter to withdraw a specimen of blood; also called phlebotomy
Venipuncture
