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Clinical Assessment 2 > Bates Tables- Lungs and Thorax > Flashcards

Bates Tables- Lungs and Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What chest pains are retrosternal?

A

Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, Pericarditis, Reflex Esophagitis, Diffuse Esophageal Spasm

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of persistent chest pain?

A

Pericarditis, Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm, Pleuritic Pain

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3
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

Irritation of parietal pleura adjacent to the pericardium

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4
Q

What two chest pains are described as sharp and knife-like?

A

Pericarditis, Pleuritic Pain

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5
Q

Where is pain felt in Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm?

A

Anterior chest, radiating to the neck, back, or abdomen

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6
Q

Define tracheobronchitis

A

Inflammation of trachea and large bronchi

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7
Q

Where is tracheobronchitis pain?

A

Upper sternal or on either side of the sternum

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8
Q

What 2 types of chest pain are described as stabbing, sticking, or dull, aching?

A

Chest Wall Pain (Costochondritis) and Anxiety

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9
Q

What is a diffuse esophageal spasm?

A

Motor dysfunction of the esophageal muscle

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10
Q

What two chest pains feel like burning?

A

Tracheobronchitis and Reflex Esophagitis

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11
Q

What chest pain is usually 1-3 minutes but up to 10 min?

A

Angina Pectoris

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12
Q

The factors that aggravate this kind of chest pain are deep inspiration, coughing, movements of the trunk

A

pleuritic pain

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13
Q

What are factors that aggravate diffuse esophageal spasms?

A

swallowing of food or cold liquid; emotional stress

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14
Q

Chest wall Pain (costochrondritis) is aggravated by….

A

movement of chest, trunk, arms

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15
Q

Coughing aggravates this type of chest pain.

A

Tracheobronchitis

Also associated with Pericarditis, Pleuritic pain

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16
Q

Breathing, changing position, coughing, lying down, sometimes swallowing aggravate what type of chest pain?

A

pericarditis

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17
Q

What type of chest pain will nitroglycerin and rest alleviate?

A

Angina Pectoris

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18
Q

What is reflux esophagitis?

A

inflammation of the esophageal mucosa by reflux of gastric acid

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19
Q

What alleviates tracheobronchitis?

A

lying on the involved side

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20
Q

What chest pain will be alleviated by sitting forward?

A

pericarditis

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21
Q

Reflex esophagitis can be relieved by…

A

antacids, sometimes belching

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22
Q

What two chest pains have symptoms of dyspnea, nausea, and sweating?

A

Angina Pectoris and Myocardial infarction

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23
Q

Hypertension can aggravate this type of chest pain

A

Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm

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24
Q

What are associated conditions of pericarditis?

A

seen in autoimmune disorders, post-myocardial infarction, viral infection, chest irradiation

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25
Q

What chest pain has cough as a symptom, and is also aggravated by coughing?

A

tracheobronchitis

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26
Q

What are symptoms of anxiety?

A

breathlessness, palpitations, weakness, anxiety

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27
Q

What chest pain has symptoms of regurgitation and dysphagia?

A

reflex esophagitis

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28
Q

What is the symptom of diffuse esophageal spasm?

A

dysphagia

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29
Q

What are symptoms of anxiety with hyperventilation?

A

sighing, lightheadedness, numbness or tingling of the hands and feet, palpitations, chest pain

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30
Q

What is the setting of Left-sided heart failure?

A

history of heart disease or its predisposing factors

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31
Q

What is the timing of chronic bronchitis?

A

chronic productive cough followed by slowly progressive dyspnea

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32
Q

What aggravates COPD?

A

exertion

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33
Q

What is a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

leakage of air into pleural space through blebs on visceral pleura, with resulting partial or complete collapse of the lung

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34
Q

What two dyspnea conditions have a sudden onset of dyspnea?

A

spontaneous pneumothorax and acute pulmonary embolism

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35
Q

What is inflammation of lung parenchyma from the respiratory bronchioles to the alveoli?

A

pneumonia

36
Q

What aggravates asthma?

A

allergens, irritants, respiratory infections, exercise, and emotion

37
Q

Symptoms of this type of dyspnea are cough, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and sometimes wheezing

A

Left-sided heart failure

38
Q

What is the setting of an acute pulmonary embolism?

A

postpartum or postoperative periods, prolonged bed rest, heart failure, chronic lung disease, fractures of hip/leg, deep vein thrombosis

39
Q

What type of dyspnea has symptoms of a cough with scant mucoid sputum?

A

COPD

40
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

A

pleuritic pain, cough, sputum, fever

41
Q

What two acute inflammations have a dry cough that may become productive?

A

laryngitis, tracheobronchitis

42
Q

What type of cough is mycoplasma and viral pneumonias?

A

dry hacking cough that often becomes productive with mucoid sputum

43
Q

What acute inflammation has sputum that is mucoid or purulent and can be blood-streaked, pinkish, or rusty?

A

bacterial pneumonias

44
Q

What four inflammations have a chronic cough?

A

postnasal drip, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, gastroesophageal reflux

45
Q

What coughs can cause blood-streaked or bloody sputum?

A

chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung abscess, cancer of the lung

46
Q

What has purulent sputum that is copious and foul-smelling?

A

bronchiectasis

47
Q

What has a chronic cough especially at night or early in the morning?

A

gastroesophageal reflux

48
Q

What two inflammations produce foul-smelling sputum?

A

bronchiectasis, lung abscess

49
Q

What specific bacterial pneumonia causes sticky, red, and jellylike sputum?

A

Klebsiella

50
Q

Left ventricular failure or mitral stenosis produce what type of sputum?

A

pink frothy sputum once disorder has progressed

51
Q

Name the disorder. It has a dry to productive cough with sputum that may be dark, bright red, or mixed with blood

A

Pulmonary emboli

52
Q

What inflammation is associated with recurrent bronchopulmonary infections?

A

bronchiectasis

53
Q

What are the symptoms and setting of a lung abscess?

A

a febrile illness; often poor dental hygiene and a prior episode of impaired consciousness

54
Q

What inflammation has wheezing (espcially at night), early morning hoarseness, repeated attempts to clear throat?

A

gastroesophageal reflux

55
Q

Identify the symptoms of mycoplasma and viral pneumonias

A

acute febrile illness with malaise, headache, and possibly dyspnea

56
Q

identify the symptoms of bacterial pneumonias (including Klebsiella)

A
  • an acute illness with chills, high fever, dyspnea, and chest pain (often preceded by acute upper respiratory infection)
  • Klebsiella associated with older alcoholic men
57
Q

What are later symptoms of pulmonary TB?

A

anorexia, weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats

58
Q

What two conditions are associated with wheezing?

A

asthma and gastroesophageal reflux

59
Q

What disorders are associated with smoking?

A

chronic bronchitis and lung cancer

60
Q

Name the symptoms and setting of pulmonary emboli

A

dyspnea, anxiety, chest pain, fever; factors that predispose to deep venous thrombosis

61
Q

What deformity of the thorax may cause murmurs by compressing the heart and great vessels?

A

funnel chest

62
Q

What deformity of thorax if normal in infancy and occurs in aging and COPD?

A

barrel chest

63
Q

What is thoracic kyphoscoliosis?

A

abnormal spinal curvatures and vertebral rotation that deforms the chest making it hard to interpret lung findings

64
Q

Multiple rib fractures resulting in paradoxical movements of the thorax are a result of what thorax deformity?

A

traumatic flail chest

65
Q

Describe the movement of the thorax with a traumatic flail chest

A

on inspiration the injured area caves inward and on expiration it moves outward

66
Q

When doing an egophony test on an airless lung what would you hear?

A

spoken “ee” heard as “ay”

67
Q

What is the normal lung sound for the whispered pectoriloquy test?

A

whispered words faint and indistinct

68
Q

What state of the lung (normal or airless) would cause spoken words to be louder with the bronchophony test?

A

airless lung

69
Q

When do you notice an increased tactile fremitus?

A

in airless lung

70
Q

What are two explanations for crackles?

A
  1. when small airways pop open during inspiration after being deflated during expiration
  2. result from air bubbles flowing through secretions or lightly closed airways during respiration
71
Q

What are causes of early inspiratory crackles?

A

chronic bronchitis and asthma

72
Q

What is the lung sound that appears and ends soon after inspiration and is often coarse sounding?

A

early inspiratory crackles

73
Q

What sound is associated with bronchiecstasis?

A

midinspiratory and expiratory crackles

74
Q

Name the lung sound: being in 1st half of inspiration but continue into late inspiration; usually fine, profuse, and persist breath to breath, 1st appear at base of lungs

A

late inspiratory crackles

75
Q

What are causes of wheezes?

A

asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, heart failure

76
Q

What is stridor?

A

a wheeze entirely or predominantly inspiratory that indicates a partial obstruction of the larynx or trachea

77
Q

The sound when air flow rapidly through bronchi that are narrowed nearly to the point of closure

A

wheeze

78
Q

The lung sound is that low pitched with a snoring quality is…

A

rhonchi

79
Q

A pleural rub sounds like…

A

creaking noises during expiration and is usually heard during both phases of respiration

80
Q

What causes pleural rubs?

A

inflamed & roughened pleural surfaces grating against each other

81
Q

What sound does a pleural rub resemble?

A

crackles

82
Q

What are Mediastinal Crunch? Also called Hamman’s sign

A

series of precordial crackles synchronous with the heart beat but not respiration

83
Q

What position is Mediastinal crunch (Hamman’s sign) best heard in?

A

left lateral position

84
Q

Define consolidation

A

alveoli fill with fluid or blood cells as in pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary hemorrhage

85
Q

What chest disorders sound dull with percussion?

A

consolidation, atelectasis, pleural effusion

86
Q

What chest disorders sound resonant with percussion?

A

normal, chronic bronchitis, early left sided heart failure

87
Q

What chest disorders sound hyperresonant with percussion?

A

Pneumothorax, COPD, asthma

Clinical Assessment 2 (17 decks)

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