Med Term on Final Flashcards
Visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument
Endoscope
Endoscopy of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
Upper GI endoscopy
Endoscopy of the colony, sigmoid colon, and rectum and anal canal
Lower GI endoscopy
Pannel of blood tests that identify the specific virus- HAV, HBV, HCV- causign hepatitis by testing serum antibodies to each of these antigens
Hepatitis panel
Group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions often associated with the biliary tract
Liver function tests (LFTs)
Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
Serum bilirubin
Test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces.
Stool culture
Applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult
Stool guaiac
Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium) into the rectum; also called lower GI series
Barium enema
Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium); also called esophagram and upper GI series
Barium swallow
Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet.
Cholecystography
Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles.
Computed tomography (CT)
Endoscopic procedure that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify partial or total obstructions, as well as stones, cysts and tumors
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Radiographic examination of bile duct structures. Contrast medium is injected through a needle passed through the skin and through the liver directly into hepatic duct.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)
Radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts.
sialography
Test that uses high-frequency sound waves to analyze the reflected echos from anatomical structures and convert them into an image on video monitor
Ultrasonography (US)
Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis.
Biopsy (bx)
Procedure that involves insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; to instill medication, food, or fluids; or to obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis.
nasogastric intubation
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another.
Anastomosis
Surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in treatment of ulcerative colitis.
ileorectal anastomosis
Surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; also called enteroenterostomy
intestinal anastomosis
Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition which arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems.
Bariatric surgery
Upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch. A band is then inserted that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness.
Vertical banded gastroplasty
Stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch. Next, the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration. This configuration decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fat.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)
Creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag.
Colostomy
Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments either surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves.
Lithotripsy
Use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts.
Extracorporeal shockwave lithrotripsy (ESWL)
Excision of a polyp
Polypectomy
Incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Pyloromyotomy
Series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint.
Arthrography
Radiographic procedures that use low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD)
Bone Density tests
Imaging technique that uses an x-ray beam and a computer to make a series of cross-sectional imaging of a body part, which together make up a 3-D view of the area scanned.
Computer Tomography (CT)
Radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures by injection a contrast medium
discography
Radiography of the fiver lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including AP, lateral and oblique views of the lower spine.
Lumbosacral spinal radiography
Radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions
Myelography
Nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide
Scintigraphy
Scintigraphy procedure in which radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone.
Bone scintigraphy
Procedure that restores a bone to its normal position.
Reduction
Reduction procedure where fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery.
Closed reduction
Reduction procedure that treats bone fractures by placing the bones in their proper position using surgery.
Open reduction
Application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or other material to a body part to immobilize it during the healing process.
Casting
Application of an orthopedic device to an injured body part for immobilization, stabilization, and protection during the healing process
Splinting
Use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture and facilitate the healing process.
Traction
Partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease
Amputation
Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid
arthrocentesis
Surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
Arthroclasia
Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and miniature camera that projects images on a monitor.
Arthroscopy
Implanting or transplanting bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue
Bone grafting
Excision of bursa (padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints)
Bursectomy
Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebrae.
Laminectomy
Surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn prosthesis.
Revision surgery
Revision surgery often required to correct abnormalities due to bone infection, or to correct misalignments of bones, broken prosthesis, and fractures of the bone around the prostheses.
Bone revision surgery
Excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
Sequestrectomy
Excision of a synovial membrane
Synovectomy
Surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis.
Total hip replacement
