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Clinical Assessment 2 > Bates' Tables Cardiac (through 9-5) > Flashcards

Bates' Tables Cardiac (through 9-5) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of fast regular patterns on the EKG?

A

Sinus tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardia
Atrial flutter with a regular ventricular response
Ventricular tachycardia

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of patterns with a regular and normal rate and rhythm on EKG?

A

Normal sinus rhythm
Second-degree AV block
Atrial flutter with a regular ventricular response

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of patterns with a regular and slow rate and rhythm on EKG?

A

Sinus bradycardia
Second-degree AV block
Complete heart block

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4
Q

What is the rate (i.e. #) of a fast beat?

A

> 100

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5
Q

What is the rate (i.e. #) of a normal beat?

A

60-100

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6
Q

What is the rate (i.e. #) of a slow beat?

A

<60

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7
Q

What are the three types of irregular rhythm?

A

Irregularly irregular
regularly irregular
sporadic

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8
Q

What is the rhythm with premature or extra beats at random intervals, but normal underlying rhythm?

A

sporadic

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9
Q

What are regularly irregular rhythms?

A

regular pattern of cadences

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10
Q

What are irregularly irregular rhythms?

A

no discernible regularity

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11
Q

Identify the ECG pattern based on rate: 110-250

A

Ventricular tachycardia

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12
Q

Identify the ECG pattern based on rate: 100-175

A

Atrial flutter with a regular ventricular response

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13
Q

Identify the ECG pattern based on rate: 100-180

A

Sinus tachycardia

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14
Q

Identify the ECG pattern based on rate: 150-250

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

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15
Q

Identify the ECG pattern based on rate: 30-60

A

Second degree AV block

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16
Q

What has a EKG rate below 40?

A

Complete heart block

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17
Q

In the healthy heart, the left ventricular impulse is usually…

A

the point of maximal impulse (PMI)

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18
Q

What are the classic descriptors of left ventricular PMI? (Location, diameter, amplitude, duration)

A

Location= midclavicular, intercostal space 4 & 5
Diameter= discrete; ≤ 2cm
Amplitude: brisk and tapping
Duration: ≤2/3 (two thirds) of systole

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19
Q

When can right ventricular impulse be felt?

A

at infancy, but not palpable beyond that

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20
Q

When is S1 accentuated?

A

tachycardia, rhythms with a short PR interval, high cardiac output states and mitral stenosis

21
Q

When is S1 diminished?

A

first-degree heart block, mitral valve calcification, mitral regurgitation, left ventricular contractility reduced (i.e. HF, CHD)

22
Q

When does SI vary in intensity?

A

complete heart block (atria/ventricles beating independently), irregular rhythm

23
Q

When does SI split in abnormal conditions?

A

right bundle branch block and premature ventricular contractions

24
Q

Where can you hear physiologic splitting of S2?

A

2nd or 3rd left interspace

25
Q

Is normal S2 splitting heard at inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration (absent during expiration)

26
Q

Is wide S2 splitting heard at inspiration or expiration?

A

Heard during both, but the split is wider during inspiration

27
Q

What are common causes of wide splitting of S2?

A

delayed closure of pulmonic valve (as in pulmonic stenosis or right bundle branch block) or early closure of aortic valve (as in mitral regurgitation)

28
Q

What is a common cause of split S1 and wide splitting of S2?

A

right bundle branch block

29
Q

What is wide splitting that does not vary with respiration called?

A

fixed splitting (occurs with ASD and right ventricular failure)

30
Q

What variation in S2 has the pulmonic valve closing before the aortic valve closes during expiration?

A

paradoxical or reversed splitting

31
Q

In paradoxical or reversed splitting, what happens with S2 sound on inspiration?

A

No splitting of A2 or P2 –> S2 is one sound only because delay of P2 makes the normal split disappear

32
Q

What S2 sound is normally caused by left bundle branch block?

A

paradoxical or reversed splitting

33
Q

Where can you hear increased intensity of A2?

A

right 2nd intercostal

34
Q

What sound would calcific aortic stenosis cause?

A

decreased or absent A2 in the right 2nd intercostal

35
Q

When you hear this sound you should suspect pulmonary HTN, dilated pulmonary artery, or ASD

A

when P2 is equal to or louder than A2

36
Q

When does decreased or absent P2 occur?

A

increased anteroposterior diameter of the chest associated with aging or pulmonic stenosis

37
Q

What is early systolic ejection sounds associated with?

A

cardiovascular disease

38
Q

When do early systolic ejection sounds occur?

A

coincide with opening of aortic and pulmonic valves

39
Q

What does a mitral valve prolapse usually cause?

A

systolic clicks

40
Q

When do systolic clicks occur?

A

mid or late systolic

41
Q

Is it abnormal or normal to detect S3 in children and people under 40 and 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

A

normal

42
Q

Decreased myocardial contractility, heart failure, volume overloading of the ventricle cause this sound

A

S3

43
Q

When is S4 normal?

A

older people and trained athletes

44
Q

HTN heart disease, myocardial ischemia, aortic stenosis, and cardiomyopathy produce this heart sound

A

S4

45
Q

What is it called when S3 and S4 merge into one loud extra heart sound?

A

summation gallop

46
Q

Continuous sound without a silent interval
Loudest in diastole
Hear above medial 1/3 of clavicle (esp R)
Humming, roaring
Low pitch

A

Venous Hum

47
Q

May have 3 components
Heard best in 3rd interspace to L of sternum
High pitch
Scratchy, scraping sound

A

Pericardial friction rub

48
Q 
Continuous murmur heard in both systole and diastole, silent interval in late diastole
Obscure S2
Radiates towards left clavicle
harsh, machinery-like
medium pitch
A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Clinical Assessment 2 (17 decks)

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