MEASURES OF DISEASE FREQUENCY & MORBIDITY (PART 1)

Question 1

Number of events, such as disease, injury, death & etc.

Answer 1

Frequency

Question 2

calculate measures of disease frequency:

Answer 2

1) Count of events
2) Population size
3) Period of observation
4) Constant, K

Question 3

● Arbitrary multiplier of some power of 10 used to express and compare measures in similar population units

Answer 3

Constant, K

Question 4

Method for calculating FREQUENCY:

Answer 4

(# of events in a specified period/ population at risk of the event during the specified time period) x K

Question 5

● Division of one quantity by another.

Answer 5

RATIO

Question 6

Comparison of any two values.

Includes any expression with a numerator and a denominator.

Answer 6

Ratio

Question 7

The numerator and denominator can be related or unrelated to each other

Answer 7

True

Question 8

T or F | Ratios can be used as descriptive

Answer 8

(male:female ratio)

Question 9

(risk ratio, rate ratio, odds ratio)

Answer 9

Analytic tools

Question 10

■ Commonly used epidemiologic ratio.

Answer 10

DEATH-TO-CASE RATIO

Question 11

Number of deaths attributed to a particular disease during a specified period divided by number of new cases of that disease identified during the same period

Answer 11

DEATH-TO-CASE RATIO

Question 12

Measure of severity of illness.

Answer 12

DEATH-TO-CASE RATIO

Question 13

Method for calculating RATIO:

Answer 13

One group / Another group

Question 14

● Type of ratio in which the numerator is contained in the denominator’s

Answer 14

PROPORTION

Question 15

Tells us what fraction of the population is affected

Answer 15

PROPORTION

Question 16

Expressed as a decimal, percentage, or fraction

Usually expressed in percentage

Answer 16

PROPORTION

Question 17

Method for calculating PROPORTION:

Answer 17

of ___ with a particular characteristic / Total # of ___ which numerator is a subset

Question 18

For a ________, 10” is usually 100 (or n= 2) and is often expressed as a percentage.

Answer 18

proportion

Question 19

● Measure of the frequency with which an event occurs in a defined population over a specified period of time.

Answer 19

RATE

Question 20

Describes how quickly disease occurs in a population.

Answer 20

RATE

Question 21

● Proportion of persons who are unaffected at the beginning of a study period, but who experiences a risk event during the study period

Answer 21

RISKS

Question 22

● Constitutes the people at risk for the event at the beginning of the study period

Answer 22

COHORT

Question 23

is the number of persons counted at the beginning of the study.

Answer 23

Denominator

Question 24

The ________ for the risk in a cohort study for several years does not change unless participants are lost to follow-up.

Answer 24

denominator

Question 25

● The probability of an event that will occur (P) divided by the probability that the event will not occur (1-P)

Answer 25

ODDS

Question 26

● State of being symptomatic or unhealthy for a disease/condition

Answer 26

MORBIDITY

Question 27

Presence of disease in a population

Answer 27

Morbidity

Question 28

Two categories of measurement to describe Morbidity Frequency of disease in a specified population:

Answer 28

○ Incidence (new cases) ○ Prevalence (existing cases-old & new)

Question 29

● Occurence of new cases of events (disease, injury, death, etc.) in a population at risk over a specified period of time.

Answer 29

INCIDENCE/INCIDENT CASES

Question 30

Number of transitions (well-ill, uninjured-injured, alive-dead).

Answer 30

INCIDENCE/INCIDENT CASES

Question 31

Types of INCIDENCE/INCIDENT CASES

Answer 31

○ Incidence Proportion/Risk ○ Incidence Rate/Person-Time Rate

Question 32

● The proportion of initially disease-free population that develop new cases of disease in a specified period of time.

Answer 32

INCIDENCE PROPORTION/RISK

Question 33

Measures probability that healthy people will develop disease during a specified time.

Answer 33

INCIDENCE PROPORTION/RISK

Question 34

○ Attack Rate ○ Incidence Risk ○ Probability of Developing Disease ○ Cumulative Incidence

Answer 34

INCIDENCE PROPORTION/RISK