INFERENTIAL STATS Flashcards
consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing estimations and hypothesis tests, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions.
Inferential statistics
statistician tries to make inferences from samples to populations.
Inferential statistics
Inferential statistics uses ___________—, i.e., the chance of an event occurring.
probability
A ___________________ consists of all subjects (human or otherwise) that are being studied.
population
Most of the time, due to the expense, time, size of population, medical concerns, etc., it is not possible to use the entire population for a statistical study; therefore, researchers
use ________
samples
__________ is a group of subjects selected from a population.
sample
An area of ____________ called hypothesis testing is a decision-making
process for evaluating claims about a population, based on information obtained from samples.
inferential statistics
__________________ includes making inferences from samples to populations,
estimations and hypothesis testing, determining relationships, and making
predictions.
Inferential statistics
Inferential statistics is based on _______________
probability theory
One aspect of inferential statistics is __________, which is the process of estimating the value of a parameter from information obtained from a sample.
estimation
Inferential statistical techniques have various ______________that must be met before valid conclusions can be obtained.
assumptions
Some statistical techniques are called _______. This means that the distribution of the variable can depart somewhat from normality, and valid conclusions can still be obtained
robust
A continuous, symmetric, bell-shaped distribution of a variable
Normal DIstribution
If a random variable has a probability distribution whose graph is continuous, bell-shaped, or symmetric, it is called a ____________________
normal distribution.
was named after the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss.
Bell curve or Gaussian Distribution
A normal distribution curve is _____-shaped
bell
IN A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION, The ______________________- are equal and are located at the center of the distribution.
mean, median, and mode
A normal distribution curve is ______ (i.e., it has only one mode).
unimodal
IN A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION, The curve is symmetric about the _____, which is equivalent to saying that its shape is the same on both sides of a vertical line passing through the center.
mean
IN A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION, The curve is _________; that is, there are no gaps or holes. For each value of X, there is a corresponding value of Y.
continuous
IN A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION, The curve never touches the _______. Theoretically, no matter how far in either direction the curve extends, it never meets the ______ but it gets increasingly closer.
x axis
IN A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION, The total area under a normal distribution curve is equal to __________
1.00, or 100%
The area under the part of a normal curve that lies within 1 standard deviation of the mean is approximately _________
0.68, or 68%
The area under the part of a normal curve that lies within
2 standard deviations, about __________
0.95, or 95%