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GRE Psychology (homemade) > Measurement & Research Design > Flashcards

Measurement & Research Design Flashcards

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0
Q

Who developed the idea of IQ?

A

Alfred Binet

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1
Q

What are psychological tests?

A

tests that assess

  • behavior
  • attitudes
  • mental constructs
  • personality
  • mental health
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2
Q

Who developed the first intelligence test and what was it?

A

Alfred Binet

the Binet scale

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3
Q

What was Binet’s calculation for IQ?

A

(mental age / chronological age ) x 100

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4
Q

What are the mean and SD of most IQ tests?

A

100

15 or 16

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5
Q

What was the first major revised version of Binet’s intelligence test?

A

the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

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6
Q

Who created the Stanford-Binet scale?

A

Lewis Terman of Stanford Univ.

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7
Q

What did Lewis Terman research?

A

intelligence of children, and the relationship between IQ and success and adjustment

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8
Q

What is the most commonly used intelligence scale for Adults?

A

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

current edition III

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9
Q

What intelligence test is commonly used for older children?

A

the Wechsler Intelligence scale for Children (WISC-R)

ages 6-16

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10
Q

What intelligence test is commonly used for preschool age children?

A

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)

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11
Q

What is the Goodenough Draw-a-man test?

A

a relatively cross cultural test

tell children to draw a man - score based on detail and accuracy

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12
Q

What were the two types of intelligence studied by John Horn and Raymond Cattell?

A
  • fluid intelligence

- crystalized intelligence

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13
Q

How do fluid and crystalized intelligence change with age?

A 
fluid intelligence (knowing how to do smthing) declines
crystalized intelligence (knowing a fact) does not
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14
Q

What in intelligence research did Robert Zajonc study?

A

the relationship between birth order, birth spacing, and family size on intelligence

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15
Q

What is the difference between an achievement and aptitude test?

A

achievement - how well you have learned something in the past
aptitude - supposedly predict how well you will be able to perform in the future

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16
Q

What is an objective personality test?

A

a test where subjects are not allowed to make up their own answers

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17
Q

What are projective personality tests?

A

subjects create their own answers, which must be interpreted by the test administrator

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18
Q

How does the Q-sort task work?

A

the subject is given cards with statements pertaining to personality on them. the subject places neutral cards in the middle, ‘like myself’ cards on one end, and ‘unlike myself’ on the other end

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19
Q

What is another name for the Q-sort task?

A

Q-measure

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20
Q

What personality test was originally created to assess mental health?

A

the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)

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21
Q

What are the three validity scales of the MMPI?

A

sets of questions to measure lying, carelessness, and faking

22
Q

What personality test was designed for use in non-clinical populations?

A

The CPI (California Personality Inventory)

23
Q

Who developed the CPI?

A

Harrison Gough at UC Berkeley

24
Q

What personality test did Harrison Gough develop?

A

the CPI

25
Q

What personality test did Julian Rotter develop?

A

the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale

26
Q

What does the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale measure?

A

whether a person feels responsible for the things that happen (an internal view) or that they have no control over their life (an external view)

27
Q

What type of personality test is the Thematic Apperception Test?

A

a projective personality test

28
Q

How does the Thematic Apperception Test work?

A

31 cards with pictures of interpersonal scenes

Subject tells a story about the image on each card

29
Q

What personality dimension is the TAT often used to assess?

A

need for achievement

30
Q

How does the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test work?

A

subject is asked to describe a cartoon scene of one person frustrating another person
specifically they are asked how the frustrated person responds

31
Q

What type of personality test is the Draw-a-Person test?

A

a projective personality test

32
Q

How does the Draw-a-Person test work?

A

the subject draws a person of each sex and tells a story about them

33
Q

What is the Beck Depression Inventory used to measure?

A

the severity of depression (it assumes the individual has already been diagnosed)

34
Q

When developing a diagnostic test, what is an empirical criterion keying approach?

A

selecting items (questions/tasks) whose answers discriminate between dissimilar groups or diagnostic populations, no matter their theoretical implications

35
Q

What is another word for the empirical-keying approach to test development?

A

the criterion-keying approach

36
Q

What two personality tests are examples that were developed with a criterion-keying approach?

A

the MMPI and the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory

37
Q

What is the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory used to assess?

A

the ‘interest profile’ of young adults and full adults. It compares a participant’s interest profile with those of people in various career fields

38
Q

What was Walter Mischel’s stance on personality?

A
  • did not believe in trait theory

- did not believe in validity of personality tests

39
Q

What was Anne Anastasi’s major focus in psychological research?

A
  • appropriate development and interpretation of psychometric (eg intelligence) tests
  • emphasized the limits of aptitude tests as predictors
40
Q

What measurement assesses authoritarian personality?

A

the F-scale or F-ratio

41
Q

What is research design?

A

how a researcher attempts to examine a hypthesis

42
Q

What is a field study?

A

an experiment that takes place in a naturalistic setting (as opposed to a lab)

43
Q

In a longitudinal research study, how are subjects selected and studied?

A

subjects are selected at one age/time point, and followed up with periodically over a long time

44
Q

In a cross-sectional research study, how are subjects selected and studied?

A

Subjects at different ages or stages (eg of disease) are selected all at the same time and compared with a between-groups design

45
Q

What is the term to refer to a combined longitudinal and sequential research design?

A

cohort-sequential design or accelerated longitudinal designs

46
Q

What is the predictive value of a variable?

A

usually of an independent variable, how well it predicts the dependent variable

47
Q

What is acquiescence bias?

A

When participants are responding to a survey, for example, and have a bias to agree with everything, even two opposing statements

48
Q

What are demand characteristics?

A

artifacts in responses that arise from participants trying to fulfill their perception of the hopes/desires of the experimenter

49
Q

What is another name for experimenter bias?

A

the Rosenthal effect

50
Q

What is the Hawthorne effect?

A

when subjects (or other people, ex. workers) alter their behavior because they know they are being observed

51
Q

What is reactance?

A

an attitude change (often negative) upon fealing the options are limited
for example subjects in an experiment may intentionally act unnaturally if they dislike their response options

52
Q

What is selective attrition of a subject population?

A

when some subjects drop out of the experiment…and are different on some characteristics from subjects who remain

53
Q

What is the social desirability bias in experiments?

A

when participants act the way they think they should according to some social rules

GRE Psychology (homemade) (17 decks)

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