Me.2.6 Retrieving Memories Flashcards
Memory retrieval
the process of accessing information
stored in memory.
Recall
Remembering information without cues.
Example: Answering a short-answer question on an exam from memory.
Recognition
Identifying information using retrieval cues.
Example: Recognising the correct answer in a multiple-choice question.
Retrieval Cues
Cues gained when encoding memories like surroundings or mood that help us remember that information.
Retrospective memory
the memory of people, words, and events encountered or experienced in the past.
Prospective memory
remembering to perform delayed intentions at an appropriate time or event in the future.
Priming
The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory. Influences you consciously and predisposes your decisions.
Context-Dependent Memory
Retrieval is more effective when
in the same environment where the information was encoded.
Example: Studying in the same room where you will take the test can help improve recall
State-Dependent Memory
retrieval is more effective
when in the same physical state as during encoding
Example: If you learned something while angry, you might recall it better when angry again
Mood-Congruent Memory
Retrieval is enhanced when
in the same mood as when the information was encoded
Example: Remembering happy memories more easily when you are in a good mood
Metacognition
Awareness and understanding of
one’s own thought processes can improve memory
Example: Reflecting on what study methods work
best for you and adjusting strategies accordingly
Testing Effect
Frequent testing of learned
material improves long-term retention
Example: Self-quizzing on study material
rather than just re-reading notes repeatedly
Interlearning
Mixing up topics of study to allow more retrieval practise
