Me 2.8b Intelligence and Achievement: Assessing Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence tests

Answer 1

A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.

Question 2

Achievement Tests

Answer 2

Measure what someone knows
Example: A final exam in a history course assesses knowledge learned during the course

Question 3

Aptitude Tests

Answer 3

Predict how someone will perform in the future
Example: The SAT is designed to predict college readiness and potential academic success

Question 4

Francis Galton

Answer 4

Believed smarts was hereditary and thus founded Eugenics

Question 5

Mental Age

Answer 5

The age associated with the level of performance capable by an average child that age. Thought up by Alfred Binet

Question 6

Alfred Binet

Answer 6

A French psychologist that came up with the first widely used intelligence test.

Question 7

Lewis Terman

Answer 7

Created the Stanford-Binet: An americanised version of Binet’s test.

Question 8

William Stern

Answer 8

Created the original Intelligence Quotient: Ratio of mental age to chronological age. Average chronological age being 100.

Question 9

David Wechsler

Answer 9

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Most widely used intelligence test. Uses similarities, Vocabulary, Block Design and Letter-number sequencing.

Question 10

Psychometric

Answer 10

The scientific study of measurements of human abilities, attitudes and traits.

Question 11

Psychometric properties of a psychological test

Answer 11

Standardisable, reliable and valid

Question 12

Standardisation

Answer 12

Consistent procedures and
environments ensure fairness in test administration and so it can be compared with others.
Example: Administering an IQ test in a quiet, controlled setting to ensure all participants have the same conditions

Question 13

The Flynn Effect

Answer 13

the observed rise in IQ
scores over the past several decades across the world
Factors contributing to this increase include higher socioeconomic status, better healthcare, and improved nutrition

Question 14

Reliability

Answer 14

A test should yield similar results each time it is administered
Example: A reliable test will produce consistent scores for the same individual over multiple administrations

Question 15

Validity

Answer 15

A test must measure what it is designed to measure
Example: An intelligence test with high construct validity accurately assesses intellectual ability rather than unrelated skills

Question 16

Content validity

Answer 16

The extent to which a test samples the behaviour that is of interest

Question 17

Construct Validity

Answer 17

How much a test measures a concept or trait

Question 18

Predictive Validity

Answer 18

The success with which a test predicts the behaviour it is designed to predict.