MCQ Flashcards
what is every 3rd amino acid in collagen?
glycine
how do you distinuish dense from loose CT?
amount of protein in ECM
what is not part of enamel organ?
dental papilla
when would multicellular exocrine glands lack a duct?
never (always have duct)
sucrase breaksdown sucrose into what?
glucose and fructose
what is no in the epithelium of masticatory mucosa?
lamina propria
myelin sheath is mainly made of what?
phospholipid
in preganglionic neurons of PNS they originate from what region of the CNS?
cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves
what receptors are involved in sense of smell?
chemoreceptors
what is not an important function of endothelial cells?
absorb plasma proteins
what feature of nerve AP is varied to enable NS to code for the intensity of applied stimulus?
AP frequency
what is not present in skeletal muscle?
fibres joined by intercalated discs
if neural groove persists and doesn’t submerge beneath surface ectoderm what developmental defect arises?
spina bifida
preganglionic neurons of SNS they originate from what parts of brainstem or segments of spinal cord?
thoracic and lumbar segments
what type of questions should be avoided in a clinical exam?
leading questions
what is derived from dental papilla?
dentine
how does junctional epithelium attach to tooth surface at base of gingival sulcus?
hemidesmosomes
in anaerobic glycolysis the end product is lactate not pyruvate. wear is the metabolic advantage of converting pyruvate to lactate?
NAD+ regenerated from NADH
in healthy individual what statement is incorrect?
mean BP is not 100mmHg
a fall in arterial blood pressure detected by arterial baroreceptors results in which reflex event?
decreases parasympathetic tone to the heart
which ECG component corresponds to ventricular diastole?
T-Q wave
average interval between r waves was 0.6 seconds what was the patients average heart rate in bpm?
100
phase 0 of SA node AP is mediated by what?
inward movement of calcium
what doesn’t play a role in modulating HR?
conduction along purkinje fibres
opening and closing of heart valves is mediated by what?
blood pressure gradients across valves
how does prazosin drug lower HR?
blocks alpha adenoreceptors
pulmonary circulation - interstitial fluid is drawn into the capillaries along the entire length. what explains this fluid exchange?
pulmonary capillary pressure <8mmHg
dietary starch is a mixture of what?
amylose and amylopectin
what pair of relationships is defined by starlings law?
end diastolic volume and stroke volume
what decreases during the tilt test?
pulse pressure
85% of TMJ patients at a self referral clinic are female. what is the explanation for this?
males are less likely to self refer
which dental tissue originates from the embryonic ectoderm?
enamel
what tissue develops from ectoderms?
brain
what best describes a developing embryo when its a hallow ball?
blastocyte
erythrocytes are most likely to haemolyse when placed in what?
300 milliosmoles per litre urea solution
at what developmental age corresponds to when mineralised dentin is first seen?
late bell stage
what type of WBC is present in highest concentration in circulating blood?
neutrophil granulocyte
what molecule contains nitrogen?
glycine
what is major component of GS of CT?
glycosaminoglycans
what digestive enzyme is not secreted by the exocrine pancreas?
pepsinogen
what combination of enzymes is effective in digesting fats?
bile acids
lipase
pepsin
how are monoglycerides absorbed from gut lumen into enterocytes?
simple diffusion
what is not he function of an adult liver?
from red blood corpuscles
which AA participates in disulphide bond?
cysteine
what doesn’t lie in medisteinum?
lungs
what isn’t likely to be found in dentinal tubules near pulp?
blood vessels
secretion of h ions by parietal cells occurs by which membrane transport?
simple diffusion
which organ doesn’t drain venous blood into the hepatic portal vein?
left kidney
which region of the alimentary has striated muscle along its length?
oesophagus
what is the main function of oesophagus?
peristalsis
what are the mucosal ridges on the anterior hard palate and behind the incisors called?
rugae
what about PD disease is true?
causes increased tooth mobility
which salivary gland contributes the most to resting flow?
submandibular
which contributes lead to preventing food into the trachea?
upper oesophageal spinster contracting
vallecula is between what 2 structures?
posterior tongue and epiglottis
where do carious lesions usually begin?
just below enamel surface
what is most influential in growth of neonate?
thyroxine
what is Achilles heel?
vulnerable spot
swelling (tumor) is due to leakage of what from capillaries?
plasma proteins
what part of brain increases activity during pain?
anterior cingulate cortex
what is the most visible part when patient opens mouth?
circumvallate papillae
vit d deficiency leads to what?
rickets
what is correct about jaw jerk reflex
efferent axons are a alpha fibres
what is latency for ankle jerk reflex?
25-35 milliseconds
what decreases with excercise on ECG?
ECG R-R interval
PTH decreases what?
phosphate reabsorption in the kidney
when does child reach 50% of adult height?
2
which drug inhibits prostaglandin synthesis?
ibruprophen
what do ECG spikes represent?
muscle fibre AP
what is typical of voluntary action, not reflex?
improves with practice
what happens in upper motor neuron lesion?
exaggerated reflex
parkinsons is due to a lack of which neurotransmitter?
dopamine
what is indicative of cerebellar impairment?
intention tremor
which transmitter and receipt wind up neuropathic pain?
glutamate and NMDA receptor
which part of respiratory tract is not part of anatomical dead space?
alveolar sacs as there physiological dead space
which cell is an APC?
langerhans cells in skin
which change in blood temp, pH and DPG concentration will cause greatest decrease in affinity of haemoglobin for o2?
increase temp
decrease pH
increase conc DPG
which % of CO2 in mixed venous blood is carried by bicarb in plasma?
60%
