MCQ Flashcards
1
Q
what is every 3rd amino acid in collagen?
A
glycine
2
Q
how do you distinuish dense from loose CT?
A
amount of protein in ECM
3
Q
what is not part of enamel organ?
A
dental papilla
4
Q
when would multicellular exocrine glands lack a duct?
A
never (always have duct)
5
Q
sucrase breaksdown sucrose into what?
A
glucose and fructose
6
Q
what is no in the epithelium of masticatory mucosa?
A
lamina propria
7
Q
myelin sheath is mainly made of what?
A
phospholipid
8
Q
in preganglionic neurons of PNS they originate from what region of the CNS?
A
cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves
9
Q
what receptors are involved in sense of smell?
A
chemoreceptors
10
Q
what is not an important function of endothelial cells?
A
absorb plasma proteins
11
Q
what feature of nerve AP is varied to enable NS to code for the intensity of applied stimulus?
A
AP frequency
12
Q
what is not present in skeletal muscle?
A
fibres joined by intercalated discs
13
Q
if neural groove persists and doesn’t submerge beneath surface ectoderm what developmental defect arises?
A
spina bifida
14
Q
preganglionic neurons of SNS they originate from what parts of brainstem or segments of spinal cord?
A
thoracic and lumbar segments
15
Q
what type of questions should be avoided in a clinical exam?
A
leading questions
16
Q
what is derived from dental papilla?
A
dentine
17
Q
how does junctional epithelium attach to tooth surface at base of gingival sulcus?
A
hemidesmosomes
18
Q
in anaerobic glycolysis the end product is lactate not pyruvate. wear is the metabolic advantage of converting pyruvate to lactate?
A
NAD+ regenerated from NADH
19
Q
in healthy individual what statement is incorrect?
A
mean BP is not 100mmHg
20
Q
a fall in arterial blood pressure detected by arterial baroreceptors results in which reflex event?
A
decreases parasympathetic tone to the heart
21
Q
which ECG component corresponds to ventricular diastole?
A
T-Q wave
22
Q
average interval between r waves was 0.6 seconds what was the patients average heart rate in bpm?
A
100
23
Q
phase 0 of SA node AP is mediated by what?
A
inward movement of calcium
24
Q
what doesn’t play a role in modulating HR?
A
conduction along purkinje fibres
25
opening and closing of heart valves is mediated by what?
blood pressure gradients across valves
26
how does prazosin drug lower HR?
blocks alpha adenoreceptors
27
pulmonary circulation - interstitial fluid is drawn into the capillaries along the entire length. what explains this fluid exchange?
pulmonary capillary pressure <8mmHg
28
dietary starch is a mixture of what?
amylose and amylopectin
29
what pair of relationships is defined by starlings law?
end diastolic volume and stroke volume
30
what decreases during the tilt test?
pulse pressure
31
85% of TMJ patients at a self referral clinic are female. what is the explanation for this?
males are less likely to self refer
32
which dental tissue originates from the embryonic ectoderm?
enamel
33
what tissue develops from ectoderms?
brain
34
what best describes a developing embryo when its a hallow ball?
blastocyte
35
erythrocytes are most likely to haemolyse when placed in what?
300 milliosmoles per litre urea solution
36
at what developmental age corresponds to when mineralised dentin is first seen?
late bell stage
37
what type of WBC is present in highest concentration in circulating blood?
neutrophil granulocyte
38
what molecule contains nitrogen?
glycine
39
what is major component of GS of CT?
glycosaminoglycans
40
what digestive enzyme is not secreted by the exocrine pancreas?
pepsinogen
41
what combination of enzymes is effective in digesting fats?
bile acids
lipase
pepsin
42
how are monoglycerides absorbed from gut lumen into enterocytes?
simple diffusion
43
what is not he function of an adult liver?
from red blood corpuscles
44
which AA participates in disulphide bond?
cysteine
45
what doesn't lie in medisteinum?
lungs
46
what isn't likely to be found in dentinal tubules near pulp?
blood vessels
47
secretion of h ions by parietal cells occurs by which membrane transport?
simple diffusion
48
which organ doesn't drain venous blood into the hepatic portal vein?
left kidney
49
which region of the alimentary has striated muscle along its length?
oesophagus
50
what is the main function of oesophagus?
peristalsis
51
what are the mucosal ridges on the anterior hard palate and behind the incisors called?
rugae
52
what about PD disease is true?
causes increased tooth mobility
53
which salivary gland contributes the most to resting flow?
submandibular
54
which contributes lead to preventing food into the trachea?
upper oesophageal spinster contracting
55
vallecula is between what 2 structures?
posterior tongue and epiglottis
56
where do carious lesions usually begin?
just below enamel surface
57
what is most influential in growth of neonate?
thyroxine
58
what is Achilles heel?
vulnerable spot
59
swelling (tumor) is due to leakage of what from capillaries?
plasma proteins
60
what part of brain increases activity during pain?
anterior cingulate cortex
61
what is the most visible part when patient opens mouth?
circumvallate papillae
62
vit d deficiency leads to what?
rickets
63
what is correct about jaw jerk reflex
efferent axons are a alpha fibres
64
what is latency for ankle jerk reflex?
25-35 milliseconds
65
what decreases with excercise on ECG?
ECG R-R interval
66
PTH decreases what?
phosphate reabsorption in the kidney
67
when does child reach 50% of adult height?
2
68
which drug inhibits prostaglandin synthesis?
ibruprophen
69
what do ECG spikes represent?
muscle fibre AP
70
what is typical of voluntary action, not reflex?
improves with practice
71
what happens in upper motor neuron lesion?
exaggerated reflex
72
parkinsons is due to a lack of which neurotransmitter?
dopamine
73
what is indicative of cerebellar impairment?
intention tremor
74
which transmitter and receipt wind up neuropathic pain?
glutamate and NMDA receptor
75
which part of respiratory tract is not part of anatomical dead space?
alveolar sacs as there physiological dead space
76
which cell is an APC?
langerhans cells in skin
77
which change in blood temp, pH and DPG concentration will cause greatest decrease in affinity of haemoglobin for o2?
increase temp
decrease pH
increase conc DPG
78
which % of CO2 in mixed venous blood is carried by bicarb in plasma?
60%
79
which component of cpmplement plays role in opsonisation?
C3b
80
arterial PO2 is 60mmHg, what O2 % saturation of haemoglobin in arterial blood?
90%
81
what is not a feature of mandible?
greater horn
82
which circulating leukocyte functions similar to mast cells?
basophils
83
which one of these bones forms inderolateral part of orbital rim?
zygoma
84
atmospheric pressure = 750mmHg, if breathing 100% O2 for 5 mins what is PO2?
650mmHG
85
which leukocyte is phagocytic?
neutrophil
86
how many plasma membranes does O2 need to pass to bind to haemoglobin in erythrocytes pulmonary capillaries?
5
87
the respiratory centres are in which mart of CNS?
pons and medulla
88
trachea divides into 2 bronchi at angle of Louis which is at level of which 2 thoracic vertebrae?
4 and 5
89
vital capacity consists of which lung volumes?
TV + IRV + ERV
90
which muscle attached to coronoid process of mandible?
temporalis
91
what is the minimum thickness of barrier separating air in alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries?
0.2 micrometers
92
what change takes place in blood as it flows through systemic capillaries, arteries to veins?
increase in plasma bicarbonate concentration
93
in blood coagulation system what converts fibrinogen to fibrin?
thrombin
94
what would cause large vol of isotonic urine with glucose?
diabetes mellitus
95
erythropoietin is produced in which organ?
kidney
96
what increases GFR?
constriction of efferent arterioles
97
after haemorrhage starlings forces change therefor net reabsorption of interstitial fluid into systemic capillaries. what change is responsible for this fluid shift?
decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
98
which hormone is produced in hypothalamus?
thyrotropin releasing hormone
99
can't open mouth is a problem with what muscle?
anterior digastric
100
myxoedema is a deficiency in what hormone?
thyroid
101
which cranial nerve provides PS nerve supply to parotid gland ?
trigeminal nerve
102
which hormone is released from posterior pituitary gland?
oxytocin
103
what is most likely to be secreted from tubular fluid in PCT?
hydrogen ions
104
what hormone is produced in thyroid gland?
calcitonin
105
which CN provides nerve supply to intrinsic tongue?
hypoglossal
106
what part of nephron is tubular fluid most likely to be hypoosmolar with respect to plasma?
start of DCT
107
vertebral artery arises from what other?
subclavian
108
duct of submandibular gland open where in mouth?
at sublingual papillae
109
which hormone is produced in hypothalamus?
antidiuretic hormone
110
submandibular gland is related to posterior free margin of what muscle?
mylohyoid
111
which structures secrete hormones that affect SNS?
adrenal medulla
112
what is an effect of cortisol?
anti-inflammatory
113
what is not part of hearts conducting system?
vagus nerve
114
arterial o2 saturation is 75% on pulse oximeter, what is PO2?
40mmHg
115
what is not a factor in local control of BP?
plasma albumin
116
intra pleural pressure (between lung and chest wall) is what before onset of inspiration in healthy human?
-4 mmHg
117
what are memory cells in adaptive immunity?
lymphocytes
118
what causes increased ventilation detected by peripheral chemoreceptors?
decreased PO2 and increased PCO2
119
what neurotransmitter released at pregnant neurons?
acetylcholine
120
what is not required during gene cloning?
tag DNA polymerase
121
which enzyme is secreted by the stomach?
pepsin
122
what about habits is true?
they are reinforcing
123
which dental tissue doesn't have collagen in ECM?
enamel
124
what is true about restriction enzymes?
they possess palindromic recognition sequences
125
in excitation contraction coupling calcium binds to what?
troponin
126
sustained voluntary muscle contraction is what?
tetanus
127
what is not necessary for patient to prove when alleging negligence by a dentist?
that the dentist did something wrong
128
what vol of 1M HCl added to 100ml of water gives pH 5?
0.001 ml
129
sickle cell anaemia occurs due to what?
non conservative mutation
130
what % of social class 1 and 2 are bothered about wearing dentures?
71%
131
what region of spinal cord has most segments/ spinal nerve roots associated with it?
thoracic
132
hydroxyapatite consists of crystals of what chemicals?
calcium phosphate
133
spinal cord ventral horn contains cell bodies of what neurons?
motor q
134
mr jones complains of raging toothache that keeps him up and he wants his tooth out. what do we do next?
ask him about his toothache
135
what is untrue about bacteria?
contains genes consisting of RNA
136
what is too small to be seen with light microscope?
Hep c
137
how many single chromosomes do single gametes have?
23
138
what stage of development is referred to as embryo?
0 to 8 weeks
139
glucose moving high conc to low is what process?
faciliatated diffusion
140
which body system doesn't have homeostatic role?
reproductive
141
backbone of animal cell membrane is double layer of what?
phospholipid
142
what macromolecule is a polysaccharide?
glycogen
143
what is H conc when pH is 7?
0.1 micromoles Per litre
144
0.9% NaCl is isotonic saline (0.9g in 100ml water) what also makes isotonic solution?
18g NaCl in 2 l of water
145
sweating is under what physiological control?
negative feedback
146
which Amino acid has ability to disulphide bond?
methionine
147
which cervical vertebrae has a tooth?
C2
148
a muscle spindle is what type of receptor?
proprioceptor
149
a muscle spindle provides info on what aspect of a muscle function?
muscle stretch
150
which bond does human amylase digest?
alpha 1-4 glucosidic
151
where are runners glands?
duodenum
152
which tonsils are between anterior and posterior pillars of faces?
palatine
153
which hormone stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice containing increased bicarb concentration?
secretin
154
HERS is necessary in formation of what?
root dentine
155
what do parietal cells secrete?
intrinsic factor
156
what doesn't communicate with pharynx?
Eustachian tube
157
what vitamin is water soluble?
c
158
Stephen curve is a graph of what?
plaque pH vs time
159
if there is damage to occipital lobe what sense is effected?
visual
160
what functions as 2nd messenger in cytoplasm?
calcium
161
the poison curare and the drug tubocurarine block neuromuscular transmission by which mechanism?
block ach receptor on muscle cell membrane
162
what dental tissue has least amount of mineral?
predentine
163
what applies to both nerve and hormone transmission?
effects mediated by 2nd messengers
164
where does salfactoey conduction happen?
nodes of ranvier
165
what is outermost CT on peripheral nerve?
epineurium
166
apart from nucleus where else is DNA?
Mitochondria
167
what does enamel not contain?
tubules
168
Cushing syndrome is caused by what?
excess cortisol
169
increase in salivary concentration of what is associated with increased salivary flow rate?
sodium
170
which AA can't exist as D or L isomer?
glycine
171
which % of communication is nonverbal?
80%
172
which organelle synthesises steroid hormones?
smooth ER
173
which lobe is auditory cortex found?
temporal
174
what is outer layer of dense issue fibrous tissue that surrounds bone?
periosteum
175
what anion in high conc in ECF?
bicarbonate
176
what protein do gap junctions contain?
connexin
177
zonula adherens is what?
circumferential junction between epithelial cells
178
how many polypeptide chains in 1 myoglobin
1
179
give example of unicellular gland?
goblet cell
180
endothelial cells of blood vessel wall is what type of epithelium?
simple squamous epithelium
181
infection from ones own microflora is what?
endogenous infection
182
what is most important factor in setting membrane potential?
potassium ion concentration gradient
183
what is PDL oxygen requirement?
none of above
184
epithelial lining of SI develops from what?
endoderm
185
in blood what is haemocrit?
erythrocytes
186
what is the distinguishing feature of connective tissue?
extensive ECM
187
where are melanocytes located?
basal layer of epidermis
188
epidermis of skin contains what ?
langerhans cells
189
what must occur for successful cell communication?
target cell must have right receptor to receive chemical signal
190
which is nucleoside?
guanosine
191
what enzymes digests protein?
trypsin
192
how does botox work?
prevent neurotransmitter release in neuron
193
cell bodies in PNS occur in cluster called what?
ganglia
194
increases SNS activity decreases what?
diameter of arterioles in intestine
195
where does superior pancreaticoduodenal artery arise from?
gastroduodenal artery
196
which tooth has small groove running from mescal pit to mesiolingual surface?
lower 4
197
occlusal surface of which tooth has sharp fissure mesiodistally which doesn't reach but extends across medial marginal ridge onto medial surface ?
14
