growth disorders Flashcards
what is agenesis? (aplasia)
failure of development of organ or structure in organ
what is atresia?
failure of development of lumen in a tubular epithelium structure
what is hypoplasia?
less tissue formed but normal structure
what is a hamaratoma? when does it grow?
tumour like growth
only grows during patients growth period
what is an example of haemangioma?
storage weber syndrome
red patch affecting maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
what is a lymphangioma?
cavernous (large blood filled space)
common on tongue
what is a naevus? (mole)
hamaratoma of melanocytes
what is ectopia? eg
normal tissue in an abnormal site eg mekels diverticulum
what is an acquired growth disorder?
adaptation of cells to environmental stresses
what is atrophy?
cells smaller than normal
what is hypertrophy?
cells larger than normal
what is hyperplasia?
more cells than normal but same size
what is metaplasia?
cells changing from one type to another
what is dysplasia?
abnormal growth pattern of cells
after teeth are removed there may be atrophy of mandible what does this add risk of?
after atrophy of mandible mental foramen and mental nerve will be on the ridge therefor pressure here would cause discomfort
what is osteoporosis?
axing and hormones
oestrogen has inhibitory effect on osteoclasts
so when oestrogen increases bone resorption increases
how does stimuli effect hyperplasia?
responds to the stimulus and regresses once stimulus removed
what are some causes of hyperplasia?
chronic injury/ inflammation
(inflammatory cytokines)
growth factors
HPV
in what case can hyperplasia be good?
improve function of organ after tranplant
what is pure hypertrophy?
in cells with limited mitotic ability eg. muscle
what causes hyper trophy in skeletal muscle?
increased function eg excercise
what causes hyper trophy in smooth muscle?
hormones eg pregnancy
what causes hypertrophy in cardiac muscles?
pathology eg hypertension
what causes goitre? what does this lead to?
dietary iodine deficiency
causes decreases synthesis of thyroid hormone
therefor increase in thyroid stimulating hormone
