McMurry (Kap. 15.0-15.1) - Carboxylic acid, naming Carboxylic acid and Nitrile

Question 1

Is carboxylic acid abundant?

Answer 1

Yes, it is present in many industrial processes and most biological pathways.

It is also a starting material for many other acyl derivatives are made.

Question 2

What are some of the acyl derivatives/carboxylic acid derivatives that are made, that carboxylic acid serve as a starting material for?

Answer 2

acid chloride.

esters

amides

thioesters

acyl phosphate

(see page 530)

Question 3

How are carboxylic acid named?

Answer 3

by replacing the terminal -e of the alkane with -oic acid - the CO2H group is C1.

Compounds that have CO2H group bounded to a ring is named using the suffix -carboxylic acid. The group is also C1 in this example.

As a substituent the CO2H group is called a carboxyl group.

A large number of common names exist (table 15,1 page 532). Also listed are the names of the acyl groups derived from the parent acids (-yl ending except the first 8 with -yl ending)

Question 4

How are nitriles derived from carboxylic acid named?

Answer 4

Replacing the -ic acid or -oic acid ending with -onitrile.

Or by replacing the -carboxylic acid by - carbonitrile. (page 533)